兩道例題,第一道題師生共同分析,第二道題學(xué)生自己分析。部分學(xué)生在運用方程解答問題時,等量關(guān)系的尋找還是有困難,規(guī)范解題不夠合理,仍需在作業(yè)過程中教師給予適當?shù)闹笇?dǎo)。四、課堂小結(jié)這節(jié)課我們學(xué)習(xí)了有關(guān)打折銷售的知識,其實類似的問題我們小學(xué)也遇到過,今天在分析實際問題時又用到了列表法,通過這節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),談?wù)勀阍谥R方面的收獲。提示學(xué)生通過對《日歷中的方程》《我變高了》以及本節(jié)《打折銷售》學(xué)習(xí)還有以往經(jīng)驗,讓學(xué)生分組討論,用一元一次方程解決實際問題的一般步驟是什么?目的:讓學(xué)生進一步體會方程的作用,這里教師又提到學(xué)生的小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),目的是想提示學(xué)生,將今天的方程解法與小學(xué)學(xué)過的算術(shù)方法相對比。此活動的目的是使學(xué)生不再處于被動狀態(tài),而成為積極的發(fā)現(xiàn)者。
第三環(huán)節(jié):課堂小結(jié)活動內(nèi)容:1. 通過前面幾個題,你對列方程組解決實際問題的方法和步驟掌握的怎樣?2. 這里面應(yīng)該注意的是什么?關(guān)鍵是什么?3. 通過今天的學(xué)習(xí),你能不能解決求兩個量的問題?(可以用二元一次方程組解決的。4. 列二元一次方程組解決實際問題的主要步驟是什么?說明:通過以上四個問題,學(xué)生基本上掌握了列二元一次方程組解決實際問題的方法和步驟,可啟發(fā)學(xué)生說出自己的心得體會及疑問.活動意圖:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己小結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識要點及數(shù)學(xué)方法,使知識系統(tǒng)化.說明:還可以建議有條件的學(xué)生去讀一讀《孫子算經(jīng)》,可以在網(wǎng)上查,找出自己喜歡的問題,互相出題;同位的同學(xué)還可互相編題考察對方;還可以設(shè)置"我為老師出難題"活動,每人編一道題,給老師,老師再提出:"誰來幫我解難題",以此激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和信心。
方法總結(jié):要認真觀察圖象,結(jié)合題意,弄清各點所表示的意義.探究點二:一次函數(shù)與一元一次方程一次函數(shù)y=kx+b(k,b為常數(shù),且k≠0)的圖象如圖所示,根據(jù)圖象信息可求得關(guān)于x的方程kx+b=0的解為()A.x=-1B.x=2C.x=0D.x=3解析:首先由函數(shù)經(jīng)過點(0,1)可得b=1,再將點(2,3)代入y=kx+1,可求出k的值為1,從而可得出一次函數(shù)的表達式為y=x+1,再求出方程x+1=0的解為x=-1,故選A.方法總結(jié):此題主要考查了一次函數(shù)與一元一次方程的關(guān)系,關(guān)鍵是正確利用待定系數(shù)法求出一次函數(shù)的關(guān)系式.三、板書設(shè)計一次函數(shù)的應(yīng)用單個一次函數(shù)圖象的應(yīng)用一次函數(shù)與一元一次方程的關(guān)系探究的過程由淺入深,并利用了豐富的實際情景,增加了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣.教學(xué)中要注意層層遞進,逐步讓學(xué)生掌握求一次函數(shù)與一元一次方程的關(guān)系.教學(xué)中還應(yīng)注意尊重學(xué)生的個體差異,使每個學(xué)生都學(xué)有所獲.
解:∵y=23x+a與y=-12x+b的圖象都過點A(-4,0),∴32×(-4)+a=0,-12×(-4)+b=0.∴a=6,b=-2.∴兩個一次函數(shù)分別是y=32x+6和y=-12x-2.y=32x+6與y軸交于點B,則y=32×0+6=6,∴B(0,6);y=-12x-2與y軸交于點C,則y=-2,∴C(0,-2).如圖所示,S△ABC=12BC·AO=12×4×(6+2)=16.方法總結(jié):解此類題要先求得頂點的坐標,即兩個一次函數(shù)的交點和它們分別與x軸、y軸交點的坐標.三、板書設(shè)計兩個一次函數(shù)的應(yīng)用實際生活中的問題幾何問題進一步訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的識圖能力,能通過函數(shù)圖象獲取信息,解決簡單的實際問題,在函數(shù)圖象信息獲取過程中,進一步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的數(shù)形結(jié)合意識,發(fā)展形象思維.在解決實際問題的過程中,進一步發(fā)展學(xué)生的分析問題、解決問題的能力和數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用意識.
解:(1)設(shè)第一次購買的單價為x元,則第二次的單價為1.1x元,根據(jù)題意得14521.1x-1200x=20,解得x=6.經(jīng)檢驗,x=6是原方程的解.(2)第一次購買水果1200÷6=200(千克).第二次購買水果200+20=220(千克).第一次賺錢為200×(8-6)=400(元),第二次賺錢為100×(9-6.6)+120×(9×0.5-6.6)=-12(元).所以兩次共賺錢400-12=388(元).答:第一次水果的進價為每千克6元;該老板兩次賣水果總體上是賺錢了,共賺了388元.方法總結(jié):本題具有一定的綜合性,應(yīng)該把問題分解成購買水果和賣水果兩部分分別考慮,掌握這次活動的流程.三、板書設(shè)計列分式方程解應(yīng)用題的一般步驟是:第一步,審清題意;第二步,根據(jù)題意設(shè)未知數(shù);第三步,根據(jù)題目中的數(shù)量關(guān)系列出式子,并找準等量關(guān)系,列出方程;第四步,解方程,并驗根,還要看方程的解是否符合題意;最后作答.
因為反比例函數(shù)的圖象經(jīng)過點A(1.5,400),所以有k=600.所以反比例函數(shù)的關(guān)系式為p=600S(S>0);(2)當S=0.2時,p=6000.2=3000,即壓強是3000Pa;(3)由題意知600S≤6000,所以S≥0.1,即木板面積至少要有0.1m2.方法總結(jié):本題滲透了物理學(xué)中壓強、壓力與受力面積之間的關(guān)系p= ,當壓力F一定時,p與S成反比例.另外,利用反比例函數(shù)的知識解決實際問題時,要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)實際問題中變量之間的關(guān)系,從而進一步建立反比例函數(shù)模型.三、板書設(shè)計反比例函數(shù)的應(yīng)用實際問題與反比例函數(shù)反比例函數(shù)與其他學(xué)科知識的綜合經(jīng)歷分析實際問題中變量之間的關(guān)系,建立反比例函數(shù)模型,進而解決問題的過程,提高運用代數(shù)方法解決問題的能力,體會數(shù)學(xué)與現(xiàn)實生活的緊密聯(lián)系,增強應(yīng)用意識.通過反比例函數(shù)在其他學(xué)科中的運用,體驗學(xué)科整合思想.
有三種購買方案:購A型0臺,B型10臺;A型1臺,B型9臺;A型2臺,B型8臺;(2)240x+200(10-x)≥2040,解得x≥1,∴x為1或2.當x=1時,購買資金為12×1+10×9=102(萬元);當x=2時,購買資金為12×2+10×8=104(萬元).答:為了節(jié)約資金,應(yīng)選購A型1臺,B型9臺.方法總結(jié):此題將現(xiàn)實生活中的事件與數(shù)學(xué)思想聯(lián)系起來,屬于最優(yōu)化問題,在確定最優(yōu)方案時,應(yīng)把幾種情況進行比較.三、板書設(shè)計應(yīng)用一元一次不等式解決實際問題的步驟:實際問題――→找出不等關(guān)系設(shè)未知數(shù)列不等式―→解不等式―→結(jié)合實際問題確定答案本節(jié)課通過實例引入,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,讓學(xué)生積極參與,講練結(jié)合,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找不等關(guān)系列不等式.在教學(xué)過程中,可通過類比列一元一次方程解決實際問題的方法來學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生認識到列方程與列不等式的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系.
安裝及運輸費用為600x+800(12-x),根據(jù)題意得4000x+3000(12-x)≤40000,600x+800(12-x)≤9200.解得2≤x≤4,由于x取整數(shù),所以x=2,3,4.答:有三種方案:①購買甲種設(shè)備2臺,乙種設(shè)備10臺;②購買甲種設(shè)備3臺,乙種設(shè)備9臺;③購買甲種設(shè)備4臺,乙種設(shè)備8臺.方法總結(jié):列不等式組解應(yīng)用題時,一般只設(shè)一個未知數(shù),找出兩個或兩個以上的不等關(guān)系,相應(yīng)地列出兩個或兩個以上的不等式組成不等式組求解.在實際問題中,大部分情況下應(yīng)求整數(shù)解.三、板書設(shè)計1.一元一次不等式組的解法2.一元一次不等式組的實際應(yīng)用利用一元一次不等式組解應(yīng)用題關(guān)鍵是找出所有可能表達題意的不等關(guān)系,再根據(jù)各個不等關(guān)系列成相應(yīng)的不等式,組成不等式組.在教學(xué)時要讓學(xué)生養(yǎng)成檢驗的習(xí)慣,感受運用數(shù)學(xué)知識解決問題的過程,提高實際操作能力.
然后,她沿著坡度是i=1∶1(即tan∠CED=1)的斜坡步行15分鐘抵達C處,此時,測得A點的俯角是15°.已知小麗的步行速度是18米/分,圖中點A、B、E、D、C在同一平面內(nèi),且點D、E、B在同一水平直線上.求出娛樂場地所在山坡AE的長度(參考數(shù)據(jù):2≈1.41,結(jié)果精確到0.1米).解析:作輔助線EF⊥AC于點F,根據(jù)速度乘以時間得出CE的長度,通過坡度得到∠ECF=30°,通過平角減去其他角從而得到∠AEF=45°,即可求出AE的長度.解:作EF⊥AC于點F,根據(jù)題意,得CE=18×15=270(米). ∵tan∠CED=1,∴∠CED=∠DCE=45°.∵∠ECF=90°-45°-15°=30°,∴EF=12CE=135米.∵∠CEF=60°,∠AEB=30°,∴∠AEF=180°-45°-60°-30°=45°,∴AE=2EF=1352≈190.4(米).所以,娛樂場地所在山坡AE的長度約為190.4米.方法總結(jié):解決本題的關(guān)鍵是能借助仰角、俯角和坡度構(gòu)造直角三角形,并結(jié)合圖形利用三角函數(shù)解直角三角形.
本節(jié)課選自《普通高中課程標準實驗教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1本(A版)》的第五章的4.5.3函數(shù)模型的應(yīng)用。函數(shù)模型及其應(yīng)用是中學(xué)重要內(nèi)容之一,又是數(shù)學(xué)與生活實踐相互銜接的樞紐,特別在應(yīng)用意識日益加深的今天,函數(shù)模型的應(yīng)用實質(zhì)是揭示了客觀世界中量的相互依存有互有制約的關(guān)系,因而函數(shù)模型的應(yīng)用舉例有著不可替代的重要位置,又有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本節(jié)課要求學(xué)生利用給定的函數(shù)模型或建立函數(shù)模型解決實際問題,并對給定的函數(shù)模型進行簡單的分析評價,發(fā)展學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)建模、數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、邏輯推理的核心素養(yǎng)。1. 能建立函數(shù)模型解決實際問題.2.了解擬合函數(shù)模型并解決實際問題.3.通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生認識函數(shù)模型的作用,提高學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)建模,數(shù)據(jù)分析的能力. a.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:由實際問題建立函數(shù)模型;b.邏輯推理:選擇合適的函數(shù)模型;c.數(shù)學(xué)運算:運用函數(shù)模型解決實際問題;
(一)、亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織的宗旨和作用1、亞太經(jīng)合組織簡介:(1)、地位——當今世界最大的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟合作組織(2)、性質(zhì)——是促進亞太國家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟合作、推動共同發(fā)展的主要機構(gòu)。亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織(APEC,簡稱亞太經(jīng)合組織),是當今世界最大的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟合作組織,是促進亞太國家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟合作、推動共同發(fā)展的主要機構(gòu)。相關(guān)鏈接:1989年11月,在澳大利亞的倡議下,澳大利亞、美國、加拿大、日本、韓國、新西蘭和東盟六國的外交與經(jīng)濟部長在澳大利亞首都堪培拉召開部長級會議,正式宣告亞太經(jīng)合組織成立。此后,該組織不斷擴大,到2004年底共有21個成員,既有美國、日本等發(fā)達國家,也有中國、馬來西亞、墨西哥等發(fā)展中國家。亞太經(jīng)合組織的宗旨是:為本地區(qū)人民的共同利益而保持經(jīng)濟的增長與發(fā)展,促進成員間經(jīng)濟的相互依存,加強開放的多邊貿(mào)易體制,減少區(qū)域貿(mào)易和投資壁壘。
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______(read) lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________(build) a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply
? B: Absolutely! Getting involved with Chinese cultural activities there definitely helped a lot. I got to practice my Chinese on a daily basis, and I could learn how native Chinese speakers spoke.? A: What do you feel is your biggest achievement?? B: Learning Chinese characters! I have learnt about 1,500 so far. When I first started, I didn't think it was even going to be possible to learn so many, but now I find that I can read signs, menus, and even some easy newspaper articles.? A: What are you most keen on?? B: I've really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese characters, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way. ? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? I have really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese Calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese character, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way.? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? B: I'd say, give it a shot! While some aspects may be difficult, it is quite rewarding and you will be happy that you tried.? A: Thanks for your time. ? B:You're welcome.
二項式定理形式上的特點(1)二項展開式有n+1項,而不是n項.(2)二項式系數(shù)都是C_n^k(k=0,1,2,…,n),它與二項展開式中某一項的系數(shù)不一定相等.(3)二項展開式中的二項式系數(shù)的和等于2n,即C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.(4)在排列方式上,按照字母a的降冪排列,從第一項起,次數(shù)由n次逐項減少1次直到0次,同時字母b按升冪排列,次數(shù)由0次逐項增加1次直到n次.1.判斷(正確的打“√”,錯誤的打“×”)(1)(a+b)n展開式中共有n項. ( )(2)在公式中,交換a,b的順序?qū)Ω黜棝]有影響. ( )(3)Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展開式中的第k項. ( )(4)(a-b)n與(a+b)n的二項式展開式的二項式系數(shù)相同. ( )[解析] (1)× 因為(a+b)n展開式中共有n+1項.(2)× 因為二項式的第k+1項Cknan-kbk和(b+a)n的展開式的第k+1項Cknbn-kak是不同的,其中的a,b是不能隨便交換的.(3)× 因為Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展開式中的第k+1項.(4)√ 因為(a-b)n與(a+b)n的二項式展開式的二項式系數(shù)都是Crn.[答案] (1)× (2)× (3)× (4)√
【詞匯精講】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;強調(diào);使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.這次旅行的亮點之一是參觀泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的簡歷應(yīng)該突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.報告強調(diào)了當今社會所面臨的主要問題。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黃色標出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙頓冬季寒冷,日平均氣溫為-10°C?!驹~匯精講】freezing adj.極冷的;冰凍的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰凍的天氣里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一個暖和一點的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9時30分,他們才終于到達多倫多的首府安大略省?!揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€強調(diào)句,強調(diào)的是句子的時間狀語until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強調(diào)句為It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那時我才突然意識到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。
1. We'll need ten months at least to have the restaurant decorated.2.Some traditional Chinese dishes from before the Ming Dynasty are still popular today.3.My grandpa's breakfast mainly includes whole grain biscuits and a glass of milk.4.People in this area would eat nearly a kilo of cheese per week.5. We enjoyed a special dinner in a fancy restaurant where the waiters all wore attractive suits.6. He prefers this brand of coffee which, as he said, has an unusually good flavor.Key:1. at a minimum 2. prior to3. consist of4. consume5. elegant6. exceptionalStep 5:Familiarize yourself with some food idioms by matching the meaning on the right with the colored words on the left.1.Public concern for the health of farm animals has mushroomed in the UK2.Anderson may be young but he's certainly rolling to doing dough!3.George is a popular lecturer. He often peppers his speech with jokes.4.As the person to bring home the bacon, he needs to find a stable job.5 He is often regarded as a ham actor for his over emphasized facial expressions. The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato. 6.The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato.7.Don't worry about the test tomorrow. It's going to be a piece of cake!8. It's best to fold the swimming ring when it is as flat as a pancake.A. completely flatB. something that is very easy to do C.an issue that is hard to deal withD.to include large numbers of somethingE.to earn on e's living to support a familyF. wealthyG.to rapidly increase in numberH. an actor who performs badly, especially by over emphasizing emotions
1. How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine?The heat in Sichuan cuisine comes from chilies and Sichuan peppercorns. Human cuisine is often hotter and the heat comes from just chilies.2.What are the reasons why Hunan people like spicy food?Because they are a bold people. But many Chinese people think that hot food helps them overcome the effects of rainy or wet weather.3.Why do so many people love steamed fish head covered with chilies?People love it because the meat is quite tender and there are very few small bones.4.Why does Tingting recommend bridge tofu instead of dry pot duck with golden buns?Because bridge tofu has a lighter taste.5 .Why is red braised pork the most famous dish?Because Chairman Mao was from Hunan, and this was his favorite food.Step 5: Instruct students to make a short presentation to the class about your choice. Use the example and useful phrases below to help them.? In groups of three, discuss what types of restaurant you would like to take a foreign visitor to, and why. Then take turns role-playing taking your foreign guest to the restaurant you have chosen. One of you should act as the foreign guest, one as the Chinese host, and one as the waiter or waitress. You may start like this:? EXAMPLE? A: I really love spicy food, so what dish would you recommend?? B: I suggest Mapo tofu.? A: Really ? what's that?
This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.