例7 用描述法表示拋物線y=x2+1上的點構成的集合.【答案】見解析 【解析】 拋物線y=x2+1上的點構成的集合可表示為:{(x,y)|y=x2+1}.變式1.[變條件,變設問]本題中點的集合若改為“{x|y=x2+1}”,則集合中的元素是什么?【答案】見解析 【解析】集合{x|y=x2+1}的代表元素是x,且x∈R,所以{x|y=x2+1}中的元素是全體實數(shù).變式2.[變條件,變設問]本題中點的集合若改為“{y|y=x2+1}”,則集合中的元素是什么?【答案】見解析 【解析】集合{ y| y=x2+1}的代表元素是y,滿足條件y=x2+1的y的取值范圍是y≥1,所以{ y| y=x2+1}={ y| y≥1},所以集合中的元素是大于等于1的全體實數(shù).解題技巧(認識集合含義的2個步驟)一看代表元素,是數(shù)集還是點集,二看元素滿足什么條件即有什么公共特性。
對數(shù)與指數(shù)是相通的,本節(jié)在已經學習指數(shù)的基礎上通過實例總結歸納對數(shù)的概念,通過對數(shù)的性質和恒等式解決一些與對數(shù)有關的問題.課程目標1、理解對數(shù)的概念以及對數(shù)的基本性質;2、掌握對數(shù)式與指數(shù)式的相互轉化;數(shù)學學科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學抽象:對數(shù)的概念;2.邏輯推理:推導對數(shù)性質;3.數(shù)學運算:用對數(shù)的基本性質與對數(shù)恒等式求值;4.數(shù)學建模:通過與指數(shù)式的比較,引出對數(shù)定義與性質.重點:對數(shù)式與指數(shù)式的互化以及對數(shù)性質;難點:推導對數(shù)性質.教學方法:以學生為主體,采用誘思探究式教學,精講多練。教學工具:多媒體。一、 情景導入已知中國的人口數(shù)y和年頭x滿足關系 中,若知年頭數(shù)則能算出相應的人口總數(shù)。反之,如果問“哪一年的人口數(shù)可達到18億,20億,30億......”,該如何解決?要求:讓學生自由發(fā)言,教師不做判斷。而是引導學生進一步觀察.研探.
函數(shù)在高中數(shù)學中占有很重要的比重,因而作為函數(shù)的第一節(jié)內容,主要從三個實例出發(fā),引出函數(shù)的概念.從而就函數(shù)概念的分析判斷函數(shù),求定義域和函數(shù)值,再結合三要素判斷函數(shù)相等.課程目標1.理解函數(shù)的定義、函數(shù)的定義域、值域及對應法則。2.掌握判定函數(shù)和函數(shù)相等的方法。3.學會求函數(shù)的定義域與函數(shù)值。數(shù)學學科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學抽象:通過教材中四個實例總結函數(shù)定義;2.邏輯推理:相等函數(shù)的判斷;3.數(shù)學運算:求函數(shù)定義域和求函數(shù)值;4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:運用分離常數(shù)法和換元法求值域;5.數(shù)學建模:通過從實際問題中抽象概括出函數(shù)概念的活動,培養(yǎng)學生從“特殊到一般”的分析問題的能力,提高學生的抽象概括能力。重點:函數(shù)的概念,函數(shù)的三要素。難點:函數(shù)概念及符號y=f(x)的理解。
培養(yǎng)學生合作交流意識和探究問題的能力,這一部分知識層層遞進,符合學生由特殊到一般、由簡單到復雜的認知規(guī)律。4、互動探究(1)極限思想的滲透讓學生閱讀“思考與討論”小版塊.培養(yǎng)學生的自學和閱讀能力提出下列問題,進行分組討論:a、用課本上的方法估算位移,其結果比實際位移大還是小?為什么?b、為了提高估算的精確度,時間間隔小些好還是大些好?為什么?針對學生回答的多種可能性加以評價和進一步指導。讓學生從討論的結果中歸納得出:△t越小,對位移的估算就越精確。滲透極限的思想。通過小組內分工合作,討論交流,培養(yǎng)學生交流合作的精神,以及搜集信息、處理信息的能力;通過小組間對比總結,使學生學會在對比中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,在解決問題過程中提高個人能力;
設計意圖:幾道例題及練習題,其中例1小車由靜止啟動開始行駛,以加速度 做勻加速運動,求2s后的速度大小?進而變式到:小車遇到紅燈剎車……,充分體現(xiàn)了“從生活到物理,從物理到社會”的物理教學理念;例題及練習題由淺入深、由易到難、各有側重,體現(xiàn)新課標提出的讓不同的學生在物理上得到不同發(fā)展的教學理念。這一環(huán)節(jié)總的設計意圖是反饋教學,內化知識。(6) 小結歸納,拓展深化我的理解是,小結歸納不應該僅僅是知識的簡單羅列,而應該是優(yōu)化認知結構,完善知識體系的一種有效手段,為充分發(fā)揮學生的主題作用,從學習的知識、方法、體驗是那個方面進行歸納,我設計了這么三個問題:① 通過本節(jié)課的學習,你學會了哪些知識;② 通過本節(jié)課的學習,你最大的體驗是什么;③ 通過本節(jié)課的學習,你掌握了哪些學習物理的方法?
反思感悟用基底表示空間向量的解題策略1.空間中,任一向量都可以用一個基底表示,且只要基底確定,則表示形式是唯一的.2.用基底表示空間向量時,一般要結合圖形,運用向量加法、減法的平行四邊形法則、三角形法則,以及數(shù)乘向量的運算法則,逐步向基向量過渡,直至全部用基向量表示.3.在空間幾何體中選擇基底時,通常選取公共起點最集中的向量或關系最明確的向量作為基底,例如,在正方體、長方體、平行六面體、四面體中,一般選用從同一頂點出發(fā)的三條棱所對應的向量作為基底.例2.在棱長為2的正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,E,F分別是DD1,BD的中點,點G在棱CD上,且CG=1/3 CD(1)證明:EF⊥B1C;(2)求EF與C1G所成角的余弦值.思路分析選擇一個空間基底,將(EF) ?,(B_1 C) ?,(C_1 G) ?用基向量表示.(1)證明(EF) ?·(B_1 C) ?=0即可;(2)求(EF) ?與(C_1 G) ?夾角的余弦值即可.(1)證明:設(DA) ?=i,(DC) ?=j,(DD_1 ) ?=k,則{i,j,k}構成空間的一個正交基底.
人教版新課標教材必修一的“表達交流”部分,有一個專題是“人性的光輝——寫人要凸顯個性”。其中的“寫法借鑒”部分列舉了兩則人物描寫實例,并歸納出人物描寫的幾個要點。其訓練的思路和方法是很明顯的,但所列舉的人物描寫的實例卻不夠典型。而必修一第三單元正好是學習寫人記事散文,其中的兩篇自讀課文《記梁任公先生的一次演講》《金岳霖先生》又是寫人記事非常典型的文章,故而我嘗試將這兩篇文章作為實例和。寫人要凸顯個性。寫作指導結合起來教學。這樣設計還有一個目的,那就是解決課程改革中教學內容多而課時緊張的矛盾,提高課堂教學效率。師:今天,我們一起來學習“寫人要凸顯個性”。這兩堂課分四個步驟來完成:一、先學習教材中關于寫人方法的介紹,約15分鐘;二、快速閱讀第三單元的《記梁任公先生的一次演講》和《金岳霖先生》兩篇文章,具體感受其寫人的方法,約30分鐘;
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
四.設計反思我在設計本課時,希望通過情境的創(chuàng)設充分再現(xiàn)歷史,并利用多媒體輔助教學,破重點、化難點,讓學生主動參與到學習過程中,從而突破狹小的教室空間,讓學生真正做到感知歷史,立足現(xiàn)實,展望未來。自主,交流、合作、探究是課程改革中著力倡導的新型學習方式。課堂教學中如何開展小組合作的探究學習存在著很多困難,首先是課堂教學時間有限,如何體現(xiàn)面向全體,給每個學生以機會?再次,歷史問題的討論只能依托于史料才能使討論不淪為空談,課堂上通過網絡提供大量的史料(文字、圖片或其他),勢必不能有充分時間讓學生閱讀分析。如何解決這些問題呢?措施一:要形成較固定的歷史學習合作小組。選定一位同學擔任組長,負責協(xié)調措施二:要設置有利于學生探究的問題情境措施三:要把課堂教學與課外學習結合起來。在課前就印發(fā)相關的材料,或引導學生去查閱相關的資料,讓學生有個充分的閱讀、思考、交流的時間,是保證課堂上小組交流能成功實現(xiàn)的一個前提
2、教學目標根據(jù)我對教材的理解、結合學生的實際情況、滲透新課程的教學理念,為提高全體學生的科學素養(yǎng),按課程標準,以促進全體學生發(fā)展為目的。從知識與技能、過程與方法,情感態(tài)度與價值觀三個方向培養(yǎng)學生,擬定三個教學目標:知識與技能:(1)知道什么是動能。(2)正確理解和運用動能公式分析、解答有關問題。(3)掌握外力對物體所做的總功的計算,理解“代數(shù)和”的含義。(4)理解和運用動能定理。過程與方法:通過演繹推理過程,培養(yǎng)科學研究興趣,領略物理學中所蘊含的嚴謹?shù)倪壿嬯P系。情感、態(tài)度、價值觀:通過運用動能定理分析解決問題,感受成功的喜悅,培養(yǎng)學生對科學研究的興趣。3、教學的重點和難點重點:理解動能定理、應用動能定理解決力學問題。難點:應用動能定理解決多個過程的力學問題,以及變力做功或曲線運動中的動能定理運用。
第11段很短,只點出了這是“在婦女身上搞不育試驗的地方”,但在最末又加了一句“否則他會羞紅了臉的”,這是為什么?那肯定是一個極為骯臟,極為殘酷的地方。據(jù)資料記載:當時的希特勒制定一項令所有被征服或占領國家的民族充當奴隸并且逐漸消亡的隱密性種族滅絕計劃——高效率、大規(guī)模的強制絕育。為此,數(shù)以百計的納粹醫(yī)生、教授、專家甚至護士,在行政管理專家的通力合作下,相繼提出了幾十種絕育方法,十余種實施方案,并且在奧斯維辛、拉芬斯布呂克、布亨瓦爾特、達豪等十多個大型集中營內對數(shù)以萬計的猶太、吉普賽囚犯、因從事抵抗運動而被捕的政治犯和男女戰(zhàn)俘進行了殘酷的手術試驗,造成他們大量死亡或者終身殘疾、終身不育。這樣殘酷的毫無人性的手段,任誰也不愿看到。
一、說教材《別了,不列顛尼亞》是編排在人教版《普通高中課程標準實驗教科書語文1(必修)》第四單元的課文,是精讀課文《短新聞兩篇》中的一篇,另一篇是《奧斯維辛沒有什么新聞》。這一單元的學習內容是新聞和報告文學,還有兩篇作品分別是中國報告文學三大里程碑之一的《包身工》和記錄中國航天事業(yè)輝煌發(fā)展的《飛向太空的航程》。在當今信息大爆炸的時代,如何快速獲得信息,如何在新聞中解讀事件的真相,感悟生活的內涵成為語文教學的又一重大任務。因此這一單元的編入便更多地具有了時代意義,體現(xiàn)了語文學科與日常生活的密切關系。不僅如此,新聞特寫和報告文學的選入,拓寬了學生對新聞類文章的了解,體現(xiàn)語文學科的工具性作用。在選文的過程中,新教材同時注重語文學科的人文性,四篇作品不僅傳遞著新鮮、真實的信息,同時更張顯人文性的厚度,他們以飽滿的情感,縱橫的歷史經驗。
二、說學生本屆高一學生經過了三年初中課改,在心理上,他們渴望表現(xiàn)的欲望和自主探究的欲望比較強烈,對有興趣的知識表現(xiàn)出高度地熱情,并具有一定的團結協(xié)作能力,但還是應該正視一個并不樂觀的現(xiàn)實——在寫作方面,學生知識還停留在簡單的記敘及表達方式綜合運用上,至于巧妙構思、謀篇布局很是空白。即便已經經過高中一個學期的學習,但還是有大部分學生依然基礎較為薄弱,甚至出現(xiàn)不知從何下筆的現(xiàn)象。三、說教法與學法“老師搭臺,學生唱戲”1、教法:本課將安排兩課時(一課時學習一課時練筆),采用 PPT 多媒體課件教學,嘗試用角色扮演法、圖片展示法和多媒體教學等方法,教學中應該重視學生的參與性和探究性。2、學法:學生應該充分利用多角度創(chuàng)設的學習情境來激發(fā)自身學習的興趣和熱情,分組討論,小組互助等形式讓學生積極自主參與、進行問題探究學習。理論依據(jù):建構主義理論“學生是學習的中心”的闡釋,教師應該做學生主動建構意義的幫助者、促進者。
當代社會生活的變化比以往任何時代都要快。語言尤其是詞匯記錄了這些發(fā)展變化,因而也涌現(xiàn)了大量的新詞新語。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,近幾年每年大約要出現(xiàn)1000個左右的新詞新語,而字典、詞典的多次修訂、增補就反映了這種情況。但相對來說,也有一些流行語又逐漸受到冷遇,甚至退隱。為了更好的對新詞新語與流行文化作一番檢視與探究,那讓我們考察一下它們是怎么產生的吧?老師先給同學們列舉四種途徑:大屏幕3。同學們能再舉出以上途徑的一些例子嗎?老師列舉(4)其實不只這些,那還有哪些途徑呢?找同學說并舉例。說的非常好,請同學們看老師的例子,總結(5)。從新詞新語的產生途徑可以看出,這些鮮活得像畫一樣的新詞就是這個時代跳動的血小板,它涉及當代社會的重大事件、現(xiàn)象與時弊,以及人們日常生活的各個層面如人生意義、生活方式、愛情、友情、就業(yè)、消費、時尚等,時代性強,傳播面廣,反映著當代社會時局與人們文化心態(tài)的變化。
在學習語文經驗交流會上,季老師舉著我的《采花釀蜜集》,對大家說:“人日積月累辛勤采擷,終于釀出了知識的瓊漿。大家都應這樣,爭做知識的富戶啊!”老師有點激動,低低地爬在鼻梁上的眼鏡突然滑了下來,正好落在那集子上。大家笑了,季老師也笑了。就這樣,我的寫作有了進步,好幾篇作文登上了班級《學作園地》。從此,我愛上了語文,更深深地愛上了季老師。高中升學考前那個星期天的夜晚,季老師舊病復發(fā),累倒了。半夜,老師們把他送進了公社衛(wèi)生院。第二天,同學們都悄悄去衛(wèi)生院看望。我去的時候,季老師正在掛滴流??墒?,下午季老師又出現(xiàn)在講臺上,他臉色憔悴,聲音沙啞……我手捧《采花釀蜜集》走近季老師,思緒的溪水從遠方流了回來。“季老師”,我把本子捧給老師,深情地叫了聲。季老師接過本子,仔細翻閱著,臉上露出了笑容,像是聞到了郁郁芳香的蜜汁似的?!斑M步不小呀!”季老師說著,又在本子扉頁上題了
(4)評價民主通過對雅典公民享有充分的言論自由的介紹及展示伯利克里的講話、陶片放逐法,使學生認識到,雅典的民主在統(tǒng)治階級內部已經達到了非常高的層次,并促進了希臘人完整人格的形成。通過伯利克里講話、圖片、文字分別講述希臘人重責任感、渴求知識的民族性格,并請學生朗讀有關雅典人生活的有關文字,讓學生在閱讀中感情逐漸升溫,引發(fā)學生對民主的充分認同及對雅典人重精神生活的無限神往。問題設置:讓學生思考雅典民主政治對后世西方政治制度的重大影響。同時指出“民主是不可抗拒的歷史潮流!”讓學生在原有知識的基礎上認識民主政治的必然性。用書中的兩段材料分析希臘民主政治的特征和實質,分析其影響。4.課堂小結對本課內容進行概括性的總結5.知能訓練,運用遷移體現(xiàn)一定的層次性,滿足不同層次學生的要求。6.布置作業(yè)撰寫歷史論文首先布置論文范圍、主題;其次進行舉例;最后提供相關查閱資料的網址。