(2)根據(jù)材料二與所學(xué)知識(shí),從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化三個(gè)方面,分析歐洲近代科技迅速發(fā)展的原因。答:資本主義工商業(yè)的成長(zhǎng)刺激了對(duì)技術(shù)的需求,為近代科技的發(fā)展提供了工具和手段;資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命為資本主義發(fā)展、科技進(jìn)步開辟了道路;人文主義和理性精神解放了思想,推動(dòng)近代科技迅速發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過(guò)該問(wèn)總分)(3)根據(jù)材料二三與所學(xué)知識(shí),分析清代(鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前)中國(guó)科技發(fā)展停滯的原因。答:君主專制維系腐朽制度;重農(nóng)抑商、閉關(guān)政策阻礙資本主義萌芽發(fā)展;自然經(jīng)濟(jì)不能提供近代科技發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ);文化專制政策(或崇尚理學(xué)、八股取士、文字獄等)禁錮思想,摧殘人才,阻礙科技發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過(guò)該問(wèn)總分。)(4)簡(jiǎn)述從中西方科技發(fā)展變化的歷史中得到的啟示。答:評(píng)分說(shuō)明:圍繞生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,政治經(jīng)濟(jì)變革、思想解放與科技發(fā)展的關(guān)系等任一角度回答,言之有理,均可酌情賦分
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)與能力:(1)識(shí)記:理性、啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng);伏爾泰、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等偉大的啟蒙思想家及其主張;康德及啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響;(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)興起的背景,分析啟蒙思想的巨大影響;(3)認(rèn)識(shí)上層建筑對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的巨大反作用。2、過(guò)程與方法:(1)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用表格法掌握啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)主要代表人物及其思想主張;(2)運(yùn)用比較法加深對(duì)啟蒙思想家觀點(diǎn)共性和個(gè)性的認(rèn)識(shí)。(3)運(yùn)用比較法對(duì)比文藝復(fù)興和啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的異同,說(shuō)明啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)人文主義思想的發(fā)展。3、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:(1)通過(guò)本課的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到“一定的文化是一定社會(huì)的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)在觀念上和形態(tài)上的反映”;(2)學(xué)習(xí)啟蒙思想家追求真理的精神,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)大的理想與抱負(fù);(3)通過(guò)法國(guó)啟蒙思想產(chǎn)生的巨大影響的分析,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)意識(shí)形態(tài)對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展所起的重大作用,從而提高學(xué)習(xí)理論的自覺(jué)性。
二、程朱理學(xué):1、宋代“理學(xué)”的產(chǎn)生:(1)含義:所謂“理學(xué)”,就是用“理學(xué)”一詞來(lái)指明當(dāng)時(shí)兩宋時(shí)期所呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的儒學(xué)。廣義的理學(xué),泛指以討論天道問(wèn)題為中心的整個(gè)哲學(xué)思潮,包括各種不同的學(xué)派;狹義的理學(xué),專指程顥、程頤、朱熹為代表的,以“理”為最高范疇的學(xué)說(shuō),稱為“程朱理學(xué)”。理學(xué)是北宋政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的理論表現(xiàn),是中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的結(jié)果,是批判佛、道學(xué)說(shuō)的產(chǎn)物。他們把“理”或“天理”視作哲學(xué)的最高范疇,認(rèn)為理無(wú)所不在,不生不滅,不僅是世界的本原,也是社會(huì)生活的最高準(zhǔn)則。在窮理方法上,程顥“主靜”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“正心誠(chéng)意”;程頤“主敬”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“格物致知”。在人性論上,二程主張“去人欲,存天理”,并深入闡釋這一觀點(diǎn)使之更加系統(tǒng)化。二程學(xué)說(shuō)的出現(xiàn),標(biāo)志著宋代“理學(xué)”思想體系的正式形成?!竞献魈骄俊克未袄韺W(xué)”興起的社會(huì)條件:
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
Then have them write a short paragraph to describe and explain their changes. After that, get the Ss to exchange their drafts with their partners and use the checklist to give feedback on their drafts, and finally revise it.Step 5 Summary of how to write a wellness book1.健康書的審題步驟:第一步:明確要求該寫作屬于經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享,故要用第一人稱來(lái)寫;時(shí)態(tài)以一股現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。第二步:確定段落該類文章可以從以下三個(gè)方面人手:Para.1首先表明寫作的目的Para.2自己的做法及心得體會(huì)Para.3表示期望及感謝第三步:提煉要點(diǎn)2.健康書常見(jiàn)句式:1) It is an honor for me to share my favorite sport with you,2) It makes me feel relaxed playing with my friends.3) It makes me rid myself of stress while playing with my friends.4) Moreover, it provides me a valuable chance to communicate with others.5) I we eat too little or too much, or if we choose the wrong food, we may become sick.6) We can do something to change the poor situation.Step 6Homework假如你的老師讓你在班級(jí)Wellness Bok上分享自己的親身經(jīng)歷及心得,請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇80字左右的文章1. 你喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么?2. 你最喜歡的原因是什么?3. 你參加鍛煉的體會(huì)。
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點(diǎn),總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來(lái)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒(méi)有從他外套上去掉。
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個(gè)博主, 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺(jué)得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號(hào)碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)而嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無(wú)禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標(biāo)。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個(gè)假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。
1.歸納珠江三角洲發(fā)展基塘生產(chǎn)有利的地理?xiàng)l件。珠江三角洲地勢(shì)低平,河網(wǎng)密布,降水充沛。北回歸線從珠江三角洲的北部穿過(guò)。珠江三角洲地區(qū)發(fā)展基塘農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有利條件可以結(jié)合材料,歸納為三個(gè)方面:地形、氣候、市場(chǎng)(當(dāng)?shù)睾秃M猓?.基塘生產(chǎn)將哪些產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)系起來(lái)?哪些副產(chǎn)品(或廢棄物)被充分利用起來(lái)?這種聯(lián)系對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有什么作用?基塘生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)將種植業(yè)(桑、蔗等)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)(養(yǎng)蠶、養(yǎng)魚)、工業(yè)(絲廠、糖廠)等幾種產(chǎn)業(yè)緊密的聯(lián)系在一起。在此環(huán)節(jié)中,塘泥、蠶沙(蠶屎)、蠶蛹、繅絲、濾泥、蔗葉等副產(chǎn)品被充分的回收利用。養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)、蔗糖加工業(yè)同塘魚養(yǎng)殖業(yè)緊密結(jié)合,作為一種綜合的經(jīng)營(yíng),幾者之間相互依存、相互促進(jìn)、揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,有機(jī)地循環(huán)聯(lián)系起來(lái)?;旧辖鉀Q了桑、蔗的肥料和蠶、魚的飼料問(wèn)題。不僅養(yǎng)蠶、蔗糖加工和養(yǎng)魚生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定,而且成本也大大降低。
③于是,大自然出現(xiàn)了驚人的奇跡,不毛的石縫間叢生出倔強(qiáng)的生命。④或者就只是一簇一簇?zé)o名的野草,春綠秋黃。歲歲枯榮。它們只有三兩片長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的細(xì)瘦的薄葉,那細(xì)微的葉脈,告知你生存該是多么艱難;更有的。它們就在一簇一簇瘦葉下自己生長(zhǎng)出根須,只為了少向母體吮吸一點(diǎn)乳汁,便自去尋找那不易被覺(jué)察到的石縫。這就是生命,如果這是一種本能,那么它正說(shuō)明生命的本能是多么尊貴,生命有權(quán)自認(rèn)為輝煌壯麗,生機(jī)竟是這樣地不可扼制。⑤或者就是一團(tuán)一團(tuán)小小的山花,大多又都是那苦苦的蒲公英。它們不似田野上的同宗長(zhǎng)得那樣茁壯,它們的莖顯得堅(jiān)韌而蒼老。它們的葉因枯萎而失卻光澤。它們已經(jīng)不能再去為人們作佐餐的鮮嫩的野菜,卻默默地為攀登山路的人準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)可靠的抓手。生命就這樣地被環(huán)境規(guī)定著,又被環(huán)境改變著,適者生存的規(guī)律盡管無(wú)情。但一切適者就是戰(zhàn)勝環(huán)境的強(qiáng)者。生命現(xiàn)象告訴你,生命就是拼搏。
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】第一課時(shí)一、導(dǎo)入新課清代唐彪在《讀書作文譜》中引用武叔卿的話說(shuō):“文章有一筆寫成不加點(diǎn)綴而工者,此神到之文,尚矣。其次須精思細(xì)改,如文章草創(chuàng)已定,便從頭至尾—一標(biāo)點(diǎn)?!蓖瑢W(xué)們能列舉出文學(xué)史上的作家哪些屬于前者,哪些屬于后者嗎?前者有李白。后者如賈島、王安石、歐陽(yáng)修、曹雪芹等。(賈島有關(guān)于推敲的典故。王安石修改“春風(fēng)又綠江南岸”句傳為佳話。歐陽(yáng)修《醉翁亭記》的開頭便是精心改成的?!都t樓夢(mèng)》更是“披閱十載,增刪五次。”)提問(wèn):古今的偉大作家為什么像李白式的詩(shī)人很少,而大多數(shù)人卻都要“咬文嚼字”,苦苦修改呢?這節(jié)課我們就來(lái)研究一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。二、整體感知1.快速瀏覽全文,熟悉主要內(nèi)容。2.根據(jù)“學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)”,確立學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。三、課文分析1.理清觀點(diǎn)與材料的關(guān)系。首先,讓學(xué)生找出本文在論證中所運(yùn)用的材料。
②林沖無(wú)辜受害,被刺配到滄州,遠(yuǎn)離了京城,高俅一伙,陸謙、富安又追到滄州,在李小二的酒店里密謀陷害林沖。林沖從李小二那里聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這件事之后是什么態(tài)度?表現(xiàn)出林沖的什么性格?明確:林沖聽(tīng)到李小二的報(bào)信,并確知從東京來(lái)的尷尬人就是陸虞候時(shí),馬上意識(shí)到“那潑賤賊”是要“來(lái)這里害我”,他識(shí)破了仇人的陰謀,激起了復(fù)仇的怒火,氣憤地說(shuō):“休要撞著我,只叫他骨肉為泥!”說(shuō)罷,便怒沖沖地“先去街上買把解腕尖刀,帶在身上,前街后巷一地里去尋”,次日,“帶了刀,又去滄州城里城外,小街夾巷,團(tuán)團(tuán)尋了一日”。這說(shuō)明,當(dāng)迫害逼到眼前時(shí),林沖也具有了強(qiáng)烈的反抗意識(shí)。但是,“街上尋了三五日,不見(jiàn)消耗”時(shí),“林沖也自心下慢了”,對(duì)仇人有所懷疑,卻失去了應(yīng)有的警惕性,剛剛點(diǎn)燃起來(lái)的復(fù)仇怒火又慢慢熄滅了。這說(shuō)明林沖的反抗并不堅(jiān)決,幻想得過(guò)且過(guò),委曲求全。
教師提示:1.這句話的本體不是一般意義上的“中國(guó)詩(shī)”,即不是指中國(guó)詩(shī)歌中的某一類作品或某位詩(shī)人的作品,而是指中國(guó)詩(shī)的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。早熟,是指“純粹的抒情詩(shī)的精髓和峰極,在中國(guó)詩(shī)里出現(xiàn)得異常之早”;早衰,是指“中國(guó)詩(shī)一蹴而至崇高的境界,以后就缺乏變化,而且逐漸腐化”(腐化,是對(duì)詩(shī)的思想內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)價(jià)值而言的)。這句話,借助比喻和比喻中的對(duì)比(“早熟”與“早衰”),從詩(shī)歌發(fā)展的角度,簡(jiǎn)要地說(shuō)明了中國(guó)詩(shī)的藝術(shù)特征和由此產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響。2.這句話有兩層意思:一是借梵文的《百喻經(jīng)》闡釋中國(guó)的藝術(shù)和思想體構(gòu)上的缺欠,旨在批評(píng);二是點(diǎn)明造成這種缺欠的根本原因?!耙粋€(gè)印度愚人要住三層樓而不許匠人造底下兩層”這樣的建筑物就是“飄飄凌云的空中樓閣”,作者以此作喻,批評(píng)中國(guó)的藝術(shù)和思想體構(gòu)缺乏嚴(yán)密的邏輯性,往往脫離客觀實(shí)際,沒(méi)有堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),其結(jié)果必定影響藝術(shù)的健康、穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展。
3.法律制度走向健全關(guān)于法律制度走向健全的歷史條件,可指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀教材相關(guān)段落,教師適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,得出結(jié)論:提出法制建設(shè)方針并著手平反冤假錯(cuò)案,這是恢復(fù)和加強(qiáng)民主法制建設(shè)的重要舉措。為全面開展法制建設(shè)準(zhǔn)備了政治基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)于法制建設(shè)方針的提出,可由教師補(bǔ)充材料,使學(xué)生理解加強(qiáng)法制建設(shè)的必要性,如:鄧小平會(huì)見(jiàn)意大利記者奧琳埃娜?法拉奇(1980年8月)“奧:我看不出怎樣才能避免或防止再發(fā)生諸如“文化大革命”這樣可怕的事情?!薄班嚕哼@要從制度方面解決問(wèn)題。我們過(guò)去的一些制度,實(shí)際上受了封建主義的影響,包括個(gè)人迷信、家長(zhǎng)制或家長(zhǎng)作風(fēng),甚至包括干部職務(wù)終身制。我們現(xiàn)在正在研究避免重復(fù)這種現(xiàn)象,準(zhǔn)備從改革制度著手。我們這個(gè)國(guó)家有幾千年封建社會(huì)的歷史,缺乏社會(huì)主義的民主和社會(huì)主義的法制?,F(xiàn)在我們要認(rèn)真建立社會(huì)主義的民主制度和社會(huì)主義法制。只有這樣,才能解決問(wèn)題?!?/p>
【教學(xué)方法】本節(jié)課的教學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較瑣碎,學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和理解起來(lái)有較大的困難。教師在并結(jié)合教材中所引的文獻(xiàn)資料給予必要的點(diǎn)撥,并依據(jù)教材,并在此基礎(chǔ)上拓展教材引用有關(guān)材料,擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的思維,用思考題的形式,有機(jī)地將教材的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)知識(shí)串聯(lián)起來(lái),注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生史論結(jié)合、論從史出的良好的歷史學(xué)習(xí)品質(zhì)?!緦?dǎo)入新課】秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后,繼承了商鞅變法的成果和實(shí)踐了韓非子的理論,創(chuàng)立了封建專制主義中央集權(quán)的政治制度,即皇帝制、中央官制和郡縣制,把專制主義的決策方式和中央集權(quán)的政治制度有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)。秦始皇首創(chuàng)的專制主義中央集權(quán)的政治體制為我國(guó)延續(xù)兩千多年的封建社會(huì)選擇了政治體制的基本模式。西漢王朝建立后,劉邦承襲了秦始皇所開創(chuàng)的統(tǒng)一的封建專制主義中央集權(quán)制。通過(guò)綜合概述上節(jié)課內(nèi)容,導(dǎo)入新課。