寫字畫線最根本的一條是力量基本要?jiǎng)?,不能忽輕忽重。古人名之曰“平”,這是筆法的基本規(guī)律,“如錐畫沙”就是對“平”字最好的形容,只有明白了“平”的道理,然后才能在“平”的基礎(chǔ)上求變化,這就是筆法中的提、頓、輕、重,疾,徐等變化,用筆的變化是無窮的,但無論怎么變化都要力量基本平均。所用力量不能懸殊太大,黃賓虹說幼時(shí)學(xué)書法,開頭寫“大”字只有五個(gè)“點(diǎn)”,就是起落筆太重、行筆太輕,力量懸殊,形成線條的空虛。書家把這叫做“系馬樁”。
微塑料在海洋中的擴(kuò)散性更強(qiáng)。荷蘭科學(xué)家曾研究過太平洋塑料垃圾帶,發(fā)現(xiàn)塑社雖然只占到塑料總質(zhì)量的8%,但是卻占到浮在此區(qū)域塑料面積的94%。微塑料在海洋中無處不在,且具有很大的隱藏性。2017年,我國“蛟龍?zhí)枴陛d人潛水器從大洋深處4500米處帶回的海洋生物,在其體內(nèi)竟也檢出微塑料的成分。微塑料更容易進(jìn)入食物鏈,對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重的影響。美國有關(guān)人士曾指出,丟棄在水中的塑料拉圾已危害到逾600種海洋生物,造成鯨魚、海龜、海豚、魚和海鳥等受傷或死亡。
“魚躍練川拋玉尺,鶯穿絲柳織金梭?!币粭l魚躍過像白綢一樣的水面,如同一根玉尺拋在白綢子上;黃鶯穿過像絲一樣的柳條,像一枚金梭在許多條絲線中穿織。你看,多么漂亮,而且對仗工整,但只是描述風(fēng)景外在的形象,沒有內(nèi)心的感動(dòng)。這樣,即使寫出再漂亮的句子,也只有文字和技巧,缺乏詩歌應(yīng)有的生命。“群雞正亂叫”是杜甫的詩句,只看這一句,好像不是好詩。但讀詩不能只看一句,要看整體的傳達(dá)?!肚即濉氛M詩,表現(xiàn)的是詩人歷經(jīng)戰(zhàn)爭離亂,與妻子兒女長期分別后回家重逢的情形,“群雞正亂叫”這句詩就有了一種樸實(shí)真切的敘寫,更有一份親切熱烈的感情。
奇異果的第一站從它的發(fā)源地一—湖北宜昌市夷陵區(qū)開始。誰是嘗鮮這種果子的第一人已無從得知,然而它流傳最廣的名字卻是“獼猴桃”:一說是,這種果子外皮一層絨毛,狀似獼猴而得名;而另一種說法則稱是因?yàn)樯L在山間的果實(shí)常被獼猴食用。這名稱一直沿用至今。發(fā)源于夷陵山間的獼猴桃,在數(shù)千年間緩慢地持續(xù)著它的旅程一向北延伸到陜西、甘肅、河南一帶;向西南去往貴州、云南和四川,在長江中下游流域,尤其夷陵區(qū)霧渡河最為多見。雖然歷史記載源遠(yuǎn)流長,但我國的獼猴桃卻一直都未被馴化栽培。野外的獼猴桃,如果生在深山中,多被猴子們摘去果腹;即使被少數(shù)人家移植到庭院里,獼猴桃也只是用來觀賞而非食用。歸根結(jié)底,直到幾十年前,獼猴桃在國內(nèi)還只是一種野果。
文人收藏紫砂壺,已不僅僅是為了品茶,更是為了在閑暇之余,在竹影琳瑯、綠影映墻之時(shí),拿在手里細(xì)細(xì)把玩,修身養(yǎng)性、涵養(yǎng)品德。紫砂壺也因之成為文人夢寐以求的茶具,甚至千金難求,罕如美玉。紫砂壺名家供春所制紫砂壺,清朝時(shí)期成為極品。雍正年間的狀元周澍曾得到一款供春的紫砂壺,繪畫著文之余,泡茶獨(dú)品,清雅非常。此壺價(jià)錢,用他的文字描述:“供春小壺一具,用之?dāng)?shù)年,則值金一笏?!?/p>
故鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)之所以氣勢恢宏,是其中的沙塵充當(dāng)了風(fēng)的武器。那時(shí)的風(fēng)與沙塵,像是從未分開過。風(fēng)力助推沙塵漫天席卷,掀翻了街口擺著糖果的攤板,刮跑了老爺爺頭上的帽子。偶爾看見騎自行車的人,在風(fēng)里歪扭一陣之后,不得不屈尊下駕,吃力地推車前行。有時(shí)在教室里正聚精會(huì)神地聽講,風(fēng)猛然用力,讓玻璃飛出窗框,在書桌上和地上“嘩”地破碎。我和同伴們對風(fēng)的防御,最早使用的是風(fēng)鏡。顧名思義,風(fēng)鏡就是防風(fēng)的眼鏡。玻璃鏡片鑲在細(xì)細(xì)的鋼絲框上,四周有密織的布罩,兩端用皮筋連接,套在頭上拉至眼部,風(fēng)便吹不著眼睛了。每副風(fēng)鏡五分錢,后來有了塑料的鏡片,價(jià)格要高出很多。戴風(fēng)鏡并不完全是為了防風(fēng),重點(diǎn)是防風(fēng)里的沙子。
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____ two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, andasked her father, “Do you want me to cook?”
Ibelieved that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrongand he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us alesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side ofher desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and roundobject. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what colorthe object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the objectwas white! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony andme, this time about the color of the object.
Ibelieved that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrongand he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us alesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side ofher desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and roundobject. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what colorthe object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the objectwas white! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony andme, this time about the color of the object.
Excitedly, he went to draw water(抽水), ___15___ he couldn’t pump water no matter how hard hetried. He sat on the ground ___16___.Just at that time, he saw a small bottle with a cork(瓶塞).
There wasa stone lying in the mountains for a long time. He had a dream—one day he couldfly up into the sky ___11___ a bird. When he told his dream to his friends,they all laughed at him.
Russia’s skating silver medalist AlexandraTrusova, 17, amazed the world with five quadruple jumps (四周跳)during free skate at the Beijing Winter Olympics. No other woman has everfinished five quadruple jumps in an Olympic competition.
ThreeRiver-Source National Park on the Qinghai-TibetPlateau(青藏高原),is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of theYangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it “China’s water tower”.
Chopsticksoriginated from(起源于) China.Though simple and little, they are agreat invention in the history of humans. There are many legends aboutChopsticks, Da Yu and Chopsticks is one of them.It issaid that during Yao and Shun times, Shun ordered Yu to control the flood. Oneday, Yu took a boat to an island, he was so hungry that he used an earth pot tocook meat. After the meat was well-done in boiled water, he didn’t want towaste time to wait for it to cool, so he took two branches to pick up the meatfrom the soup. After, to save time, he always took small branches to take outfood from the hot pot. For a long time, he was skilled at picking up food withsmall sticks. In this way, the first types of chopsticks were born.
There are many kinds ___21___art forms in China. ___22___ you often see any of them in your life?They help us understand and enjoy the traditional Chinese culture. When theSpring Festival comes, some people often ___23___ the red paper intodifferent art works with scissors.
Remember that it’s better to fail than it’s togive up, and the key is to learn from your failure(失敗). But along withdifficulties, there will also be ____18____ wonderful waiting for you.
I often hear some students say English isdifficult, so they can’t learn it well. ___11___ English is very easy for me. I’m good ___12___ it. I’m very glad to tell you ___13___ about how I study English.
Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across North America on thethird Friday of May. It was started by the League of American Bicyclistsin 1956. Its aim is to promote (促進(jìn)) the bicycle as a serious choice of getting toand from work. In today’s world where global warming is a serious issue, thebicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon (碳) footprint.
FIFA World Cup is one of the biggest sportsevents in the world. It ___11___every 4 years. The first World Cup was in 1930. It has a history of over 90years. During the World Cup, ___12___fans watch the games and cheer for their favorite teams or players.
TheChinese knot, a folk art, has a long history. People first made them to recordinformation and send messages before they started to use words. The knots wereused for decoration (裝飾) and to express thoughts and feelings in theTang Dynasty. They were later popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. But thisart wasn’t really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.