一、說教材《開辟新航路》是高中《歷史·必修二》第5課的內(nèi)容。從三個方面向?qū)W生介紹了歐洲人開辟新航路的歷史:即新航路開辟的原因和條件、新航路開辟經(jīng)過以及影響。前4課內(nèi)容介紹了古代中國經(jīng)濟的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與特點,從第5課開始學(xué)習(xí)資本主義世界市場的形成和發(fā)展。本課內(nèi)容相當(dāng)重要,上承古代中國,下啟近代世界。新航路的開辟,打破了世界相對隔絕的狀態(tài),世界真正開始融合為一個整體。從此,以西歐為中心的世界市場的雛形開始出現(xiàn)。隨后的殖民擴張,世界市場拓展;第一次工業(yè)革命,世界市場基本形成;第二次工業(yè)革命,世界市場發(fā)展。二、說目標(biāo)1、課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概述迪亞士、哥倫布開辟新航路的史實,認(rèn)識地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)對世界市場形成的意義。2、三維目標(biāo)①知識與能力:掌握新航路開辟的原因、經(jīng)過、影響。②過程與方法:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析原因及影響,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析和歸納問題的能力。③情感態(tài)度與價值觀:A、通過對新航路開辟過程的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生感受和學(xué)習(xí)探險家們勇于進取的開拓精神。B、通過學(xué)習(xí)新航路開辟的影響,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識新航路開辟促進了人類社會的整體發(fā)展。
一. 教材分析1. 本單元的中心話題是“計算機(Computers)”,內(nèi)容涉及計算機的發(fā)展歷史,計算機的應(yīng)用等。本節(jié)課是該單元的第一課時,我將Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending這四部分整合為一節(jié)精讀課。其中。Reading部分是題為WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人稱的擬人手法介紹了計算機發(fā)長演變的歷史和計算機在各個領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,其主旨是表達計算機的發(fā)展變化之快以及在生活中用途之廣。而Warming up部分以圖片的形式展現(xiàn)了計算機的發(fā)展歷程;Pre-reading中的問題和排序分別是為了預(yù)測語篇的內(nèi)容和測試學(xué)生對計算機歷史了解的情況;Comprehending則通過各項練習(xí)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀技能,從而加深對文章的理解??梢娺@幾部分是一個有機的整體。2. 教學(xué)目標(biāo):1) 語言目標(biāo):重點詞匯及短語:abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重點句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
生2:頷聯(lián)的意思是只聽到禁衛(wèi)軍中傳來夜間巡邏的梆子聲,不再向?qū)m中那樣安逸地聽到有雞人打鳴報時的聲音了。生3:頸聯(lián)的意思是說事變發(fā)生那天軍隊發(fā)生嘩變停留不前,但當(dāng)年唐玄宗以為自己可以和貴妃天天在一起,對天上的牽牛和織女一年一度的會見還加以嘲笑呢。生4:尾聯(lián)的含義是為什么唐玄宗當(dāng)了四十五年的皇帝,還不如普通百姓夫妻恩愛,長相廝守。師:好的。請大家再齊讀一遍詩文,做到人人都能疏通詩的含義。學(xué)生再次齊讀。第三環(huán)節(jié):專項探究師:白居易曾說:“文章合為時而著,歌詩合為事而作。”這首詩就是作者途經(jīng)馬嵬驛,詠馬嵬之變這一歷史事件而作,所以我們鑒賞的第三步,就是通過標(biāo)題和詩文,弄清詩中的歷史事件。請同學(xué)們找出詩中哪些詩句描述了這一事件?
我以以《登高》為例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進行意象分析,感悟意境美。古人云“立象以盡意”“古詩之妙,專求意象”意象是詩人情感的載體,是詩歌的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生張開聯(lián)想和想象的翅膀去感受,去體驗是意象,詩歌鑒賞的關(guān)鍵??屏治榈抡f“真正藝術(shù)的作品,不是看見的,也不是聽到的,而是想象中的某種東西?!痹娙送ㄟ^想象創(chuàng)造出詩的形象,我們讀者通過想象豐富地再現(xiàn)詩人創(chuàng)造的形象。而感受體驗則是以全部身心投入作品,心靈與心靈相溝通,感情與感情相交流,對詩人的想象活動進行再經(jīng)歷和再體驗。因此,在引導(dǎo)意象解讀中,我先讓學(xué)生點擊這一個,就是通過抓修飾詞、依據(jù)感情基調(diào)、展開想象具體分析本詩中每個意象的情感意蘊和審美意蘊,使學(xué)生明白意象在每首詩中的獨特性。
(設(shè)計意圖: 通過這兩個問題探究的形式可以了解學(xué)生對二、干旱為主的自然特征這一知識點的掌握情況,隨堂練習(xí)有利于鞏固強化學(xué)生的條例性知識。)三、荒漠化的成因1、自然因素:干旱、氣候異常2、人為因素:(是荒漠化發(fā)生、發(fā)展的決定因素)自然原因啟發(fā)學(xué)生利用已經(jīng)學(xué)過的知識(干旱為主的自然特征)和給出的PPT資料來進行分析。人為原因以其危害結(jié)果用圖表和圖片的形式展示,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識到人為因素是導(dǎo)致荒漠化最主要的因素。(設(shè)計意圖:通過分析自然因素提供學(xué)生分析一區(qū)域環(huán)境建設(shè)的自然基礎(chǔ)條件,而這也是較難的一點,再者,通過分析人為原因,是學(xué)生樹立區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護意識。)四、布置作業(yè):書本課本20—22的活動—— 非洲薩赫勒地區(qū)荒漠化的自然、社會經(jīng)濟
1. 該節(jié)內(nèi)容屬于人教版高中生物必修三《穩(wěn)態(tài)與環(huán)境》第一章第一節(jié)的內(nèi)容:細胞生活的環(huán)境。本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要突出的是內(nèi)環(huán)境的概念,為下一節(jié)穩(wěn)態(tài)的重要性及下一章動物和人的生命活動的調(diào)節(jié)做鋪墊。2. 教學(xué)目標(biāo):(1)知識目標(biāo):①描述內(nèi)環(huán)境的組成和理化性質(zhì)。②說明內(nèi)環(huán)境是細胞與外界環(huán)境進行物質(zhì)交換的媒介。(2)能力目標(biāo):①通過思考與討論培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語言表達能力②通過相關(guān)練習(xí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生知識遷移的能力(3)情感目標(biāo):關(guān)注維持內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)與健康的關(guān)系。*目標(biāo)確定依據(jù):主要根據(jù)課標(biāo)要求及教材內(nèi)容特點。3.重難點及依據(jù)(1)重點:①內(nèi)環(huán)境的組成和理化性質(zhì)。②內(nèi)環(huán)境是細胞與外界環(huán)境進行物質(zhì)交換的媒介。*依據(jù):根據(jù)課標(biāo)要求,同時是高考考點。(2)難點:①內(nèi)環(huán)境的組成和理化性質(zhì)。②內(nèi)環(huán)境是細胞與外界環(huán)境進行物質(zhì)交換的媒介。* 依據(jù):學(xué)生缺少相關(guān)的有機化學(xué)的知識基礎(chǔ),且內(nèi)容相對枯燥抽象。
4、種群數(shù)量變化的其他類型我結(jié)合“種群數(shù)量下降”這個知識點對學(xué)生進行寓教。現(xiàn)今的自然界,許多野生生物種群的數(shù)量都在下降,為什么呢?我提供了世界人口近2000年的種群增長曲線,一切都在不言而喻中?,F(xiàn)今社會的主題是呼吁建立和諧社會,作為生物老師,我想它不應(yīng)該僅僅指人與人之間的和諧,也不應(yīng)該僅僅指人與社會之間的和諧,它更應(yīng)該昭示著人與自然之間的和諧,人類只有學(xué)會與自然和諧相處,才能在生物圈中享受最大的幸福。6、小結(jié)課程在實驗的大背景下展開,也在實驗的背景中結(jié)束,這里可以呈現(xiàn)出一個完整的探究思路。同時,學(xué)生思考如何實現(xiàn)多種預(yù)期過程,相當(dāng)于對本課進行小結(jié)。五、效果預(yù)測課堂上選取的內(nèi)容基于學(xué)生的生活體驗,創(chuàng)設(shè)的情境能激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣,設(shè)置的問題符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平,有助于學(xué)生能力的提高,教學(xué)目標(biāo)可以基本實現(xiàn)。
一、說教材(一)教材分析本課所介紹的新文化運動,是繼上一節(jié)所學(xué)的《西學(xué)東漸和維新變法思想》之后中國另一波影響巨大的思想解放潮流,旨在向西方學(xué)習(xí)、尋求強國御侮之道。在整個知識體系中,它既是資產(chǎn)階級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的舊民主主義革命的補課,又是無產(chǎn)階級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新民主主義革命的序曲。它所帶來的思想的空前解放,也就為馬克思主義的傳播創(chuàng)造了條件,為中共的成立奠定基礎(chǔ)。這一課的學(xué)習(xí)能讓學(xué)生清晰認(rèn)識新文化運動和馬克思主義在近代中國思想解放歷程中的重要作用和巨大影響。與必修一和必修二政治經(jīng)濟史的結(jié)合也能讓使學(xué)生強化歷史聯(lián)系。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對本課就做了明確的規(guī)定:1、概述新文化運動的主要內(nèi)容,探討其對近代中國思想解放的影響。2、簡述馬克思主義在中國傳播的史實,認(rèn)識馬克思主義對中國歷史發(fā)展的重大意義。根據(jù)課標(biāo)要求,我制定了以下具體的三維目標(biāo)。
這是略帶提高性的問題,旨在提高學(xué)生認(rèn)識歷史的能力,搞清這一歷史問題有助于理解中西歷史發(fā)展的不同。(學(xué)生討論,教師總結(jié)歸納并展示。)不是資產(chǎn)階級民主思想,因為它們是資本主義萌芽的產(chǎn)物,資產(chǎn)階級作為一個階級還沒有產(chǎn)生。中國民主思想只停留在批判的層次上,并沒有提出新的思想,更沒有認(rèn)識到人的基本權(quán)利。它沒有成為主流思想,因此沒有促進明清社會的轉(zhuǎn)型,尚未突破封建思想的束縛。而啟蒙思想集中力量批判專制主義、教權(quán)主義,描繪了未來資本主義社會的宏偉藍圖,開成了強大的社會思潮,推動了社會向資本主義社會的轉(zhuǎn)變。原因:(1)明清之際的資本主義萌芽較為脆弱,使早期民主思想的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展缺乏強有力的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。(2)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的束縛和影響。(3)高度強化的專制中央集權(quán)制度的壓制使早期民主思想未能形成完整的體系。
3、清代的“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策:(1)原因:①根本原因:自給自足的封建自然經(jīng)濟;②客觀原因:西方殖民者向東方殖民擴張;③直接原因:對付東南沿海人民的抗清斗爭(2)內(nèi)容:嚴(yán)格限制對外貿(mào)易。但并不是禁絕海外貿(mào)易??滴跬砥?,禁止商人前往南洋貿(mào)易;乾隆時只開廣州一處通商,并設(shè)立政府特許的貿(mào)易機構(gòu)廣州“十三行”統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營管理對外貿(mào)易。(3)后果:①閉關(guān)鎖國政策妨礙了海外市場的開拓,抑制了資本的原始積累,從而阻礙了資本主義萌芽的發(fā)展。②閉關(guān)鎖國政策隔絕了中國與外界的聯(lián)系,從而阻斷了中國學(xué)習(xí)西方的先進科學(xué)技術(shù),阻礙了生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,使中國落后于世界潮流。③“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策在一定程度上也保護了國家的安全。教師可以設(shè)置問題:17-18世紀(jì)中國顯露出哪些危機?
為了加強學(xué)生的理解,讓學(xué)生討論以下問題。由師生共同總結(jié)。播放一個短時視頻,讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識到水的重要性后,展示節(jié)水標(biāo)識,說明由來。細胞中的無機鹽這部分,我將展示圖表,并列出問題:表中哪些成分屬于無機鹽?為什么要在運動員喝的飲料中添加無機鹽?無機鹽在細胞的生活中起什么作用?然后展示廣告語,讓學(xué)生思考和討論以下問題,并得到答案。再閱讀課本,驗證自己的答案是否正確。關(guān)于無機鹽的作用較難理解,通過列舉人體生活與健康中的各種實例來加深感性認(rèn)識,加強對理論知識的理解3、課堂小結(jié),強化認(rèn)識。(3—5分鐘)課堂小結(jié),可以把課堂傳授的知識盡快地轉(zhuǎn)化為學(xué)生的素質(zhì);簡單扼要的課堂小結(jié),可使學(xué)生更深刻地理解理論知識在實際生活中的應(yīng)用,并且逐漸地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有良好的個性。4、板書設(shè)計我比較注重直觀、系統(tǒng)的板書設(shè)計,還及時地體現(xiàn)教材中的知識點,以便于學(xué)生能夠理解掌握。5、布置作業(yè)。
3、遺傳密碼的特點 連續(xù)性、簡并性、通用性5、課堂練習(xí)6、作業(yè)布置假如,我們利用(ACU)n核苷酸長鏈合成了含有蘇氨酸的多肽,那么蘇氨酸可能的密碼子有哪些?如何運用實驗方法確證蘇氨酸的密碼子究竟是什么?七、教學(xué)反思1、教材中豐富的科學(xué)史料,是我們在課堂上進行探究性學(xué)習(xí)活動的良好素材,教師要整理和運用好。千萬不要低估學(xué)生的思維能力,當(dāng)學(xué)生的思維能力被你想方設(shè)法激發(fā)出來的時候,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的創(chuàng)造力是無窮的。2、探究性學(xué)習(xí)的目的并不僅僅是問題的解決,更重要的是在探究過程中體驗和獲取科學(xué)研究方法,培養(yǎng)合作與分享的精神以及實事求是的科學(xué)態(tài)度,鍛煉思維能力,提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。3、學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體,教師是引導(dǎo)者。我們要采取措施讓學(xué)生積極主動地參與到學(xué)習(xí)活動中來,通過他們的思考、討論、爭辯、合作等活動來獲取方法,建構(gòu)知識。
5.5癌癥的預(yù)防作為本節(jié)最重要內(nèi)容,且與生活息息相關(guān),我采用老師引導(dǎo)、學(xué)生討論總結(jié)的方法進行教學(xué)。從生活各方面總結(jié)出保健良方 ,既對知識有很好應(yīng)用,又體現(xiàn)對生命的熱愛。此時,本節(jié)課達到高潮,同學(xué)們意氣風(fēng)發(fā),熱烈討論,實現(xiàn)本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。5.6 癌癥的治療通過講述癌癥治療方法的副作用,激發(fā)學(xué)生探究生物學(xué)欲望,激勵學(xué)生立志除癌。 在此,我選用一則關(guān)于一名癌癥晚期病人運用心理療法成功戰(zhàn)勝癌癥的故事,在于對不同層次的學(xué)生進行多方面啟發(fā)教育,體現(xiàn)面向全體學(xué)生的課程理念。5.7 愉悅總結(jié),及時反饋本節(jié)知識點零散,我將帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生回憶瀏覽本節(jié)內(nèi)容,使零散知識點系統(tǒng)化。在課堂反饋環(huán)節(jié),我通過簡單練習(xí)采用分組競答的方式把握學(xué)生對知識的掌握程度,并給予表現(xiàn)突出的學(xué)生適當(dāng)獎勵,這是本節(jié)課第三個亮點。競答既使課堂顯得緊湊、集中,又有利于形成學(xué)生的競爭意識,還使得學(xué)生的知識得以鞏固應(yīng)用。
4、最后從生物的壽命引入,探討細胞的死亡。強調(diào)細胞死亡有兩種形式。(1).細胞壞死,它是由某些外界因素造成細胞急速死亡,是一種被動性死亡;(2).細胞凋亡,這是一種由特定基因控制的主動性死亡。細胞壞死與細胞凋亡在形態(tài)學(xué)和生物化學(xué)上有著明顯的區(qū)別。細胞凋亡有廣泛的生物學(xué)意義,比如胚胎發(fā)育期手的發(fā)育如果沒有細胞的調(diào)亡就不會有纖細的手指;如果沒有正常的細胞調(diào)亡,蝌蚪的尾部就不會消失,它將永遠不能變成青蛙……。正常的細胞調(diào)亡還肩負(fù)著維持各種組織器官固有體積和形態(tài)的功能;還會使機體內(nèi)異常的細胞得到及時清除,去處潛在的隱患;例如癌癥就是異常的細胞沒有及時死亡的結(jié)果……。因此細胞的正常死亡是生物體的一種非常重要的調(diào)節(jié)機制,是機體平衡細胞增殖,調(diào)節(jié)機體細胞樹木恒定的方式,是必不可少的生命過程。(15分鐘)5、課堂小結(jié),可以把課堂傳授的知識盡快地轉(zhuǎn)化為學(xué)生的素質(zhì);簡單扼要的課堂小結(jié),可使學(xué)生更深刻地理解政治理論在實際生活中的應(yīng)用,并且逐漸地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有良好的個性。