The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點(diǎn),總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:溫故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1.(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system.2.(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack,...3.(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge).Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:過去分詞作定語時(shí)的意義1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,在語態(tài)上表示被動(dòng);在時(shí)間上,常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成,有時(shí)也不表示時(shí)間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last.我們的老師看著我們做實(shí)驗(yàn),最后給了我們一個(gè)滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.會(huì)上提出的計(jì)劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,它不表示被動(dòng)意義,只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about "sharing views on historical sites". Through listening to a dialogue between Chinese and foreign students on the way to the Confucius Temple, students can understand their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts, so as to realize and think about the profound influence of Confucius and his thoughts on Chinese historical tradition. At the same time, the dialogue naturally integrates English idioms and mentions Shakespeare, the British playwright, so as to provide language materials and context for students to understand English idioms and related cultural allusions, as well as to compare Chinese and foreign cultures, which is helpful for students to understand and express the language such as history, tradition, culture and custom significant impact.Text analysis: listening text is a dialogue between a British student and a Chinese student when he goes to the Confucius Temple. When William, a British student, visited the Confucius Temple, he asked Xiao Kong, a Chinese student, for directions. Xiao Kong was just going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, so they went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. From the perspective of foreign tourists, this paper describes their thoughts on Confucius, the great son of Confucius, who had a profound impact on Chinese history and cultural tradition, and his education.Listening and Talking introduces a visit to a historic tourist destination. Tourism is a common way to understand a country's history, culture, and customs and so on. Students listen to the dialogue between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel Usher, and Paul, a backpacker, to learn about Pingyao's famous historical and cultural attractions and Paul's travel experience and experience as a foreign tourist.
4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因?yàn)閷懙么颐? 這篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí), 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當(dāng)被問及他為什么要這么做時(shí), 班長說這是他的職責(zé)
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語法要點(diǎn)精析。用法1:過去分詞作表語1).過去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過去分詞作表語時(shí)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài);而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動(dòng)作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺類及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1:What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process
教師點(diǎn)撥:這則材料說明,市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)有其局限性,單純的市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性等缺點(diǎn)。市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)不是萬能的。社會(huì)生活中有很多領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)品不能用市場(chǎng)來調(diào)節(jié),如國防、治安、消防等產(chǎn)品的供給問題,槍支彈藥、麻醉品等都不能讓市場(chǎng)來調(diào)節(jié)。市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性。自發(fā)性:由于市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)是在價(jià)值規(guī)律自發(fā)作用下進(jìn)行的,在利益驅(qū)動(dòng)下會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些違反市場(chǎng)原則的行為,如制造、銷售假冒偽劣商品,大量排放廢水、廢氣破壞環(huán)境,竊取他人智力成果等等。盲目性:由于人們不可能完全掌握生產(chǎn)各方面信息及其變化趨勢(shì),致使決策帶有一定的盲目性。如某種商品有利可圖則一哄而上,反之則一哄而退,從而造成資源浪費(fèi)和消費(fèi)得不到充分滿足。滯后性:由于市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的形成和傳遞有一個(gè)過程,一旦傳遞到生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者手中進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)調(diào)整,就有一個(gè)時(shí)間差,致使市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)帶有滯后性,成為一種事后調(diào)節(jié)。
教師總結(jié):社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是使市場(chǎng)在國家宏觀調(diào)控下起基礎(chǔ)性配置作用的經(jīng)濟(jì),充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)性調(diào)節(jié)作用,就必須主要靠經(jīng)濟(jì)手段、法律手段,而不是行政手段。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點(diǎn)評(píng)這節(jié)課我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)了社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的有關(guān)知識(shí),知道了社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本特征,以及國家宏觀調(diào)控的含義、目標(biāo)和主要手段。這對(duì)于我們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)生活中正確地認(rèn)識(shí)我國市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的性質(zhì)和作用,理解國家宏觀調(diào)控的措施及意義,增強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義優(yōu)越感和民族自強(qiáng)意識(shí),自覺投身現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)等將有重大指導(dǎo)作用?!镎n余作業(yè) 討論:聯(lián)系經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中國家宏觀調(diào)控的實(shí)例,討論應(yīng)如何認(rèn)識(shí)和理解國家各種宏觀調(diào)控手段的綜合運(yùn)用,對(duì)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的意義?!锝虒W(xué)體會(huì) 本節(jié)內(nèi)容與學(xué)生生活實(shí)際聯(lián)系密切,在學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)該多引入日常生產(chǎn)、生活中常見的一些宏觀調(diào)控實(shí)例,讓學(xué)生去深刻理解、把握宏觀調(diào)控手段及其作用。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、了解文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化及其原因。2、探討個(gè)性化解讀遵循的基本原則,合理解讀文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文學(xué)現(xiàn)象,培養(yǎng)他們對(duì)文學(xué)作品理解的多重思維能力。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):把握個(gè)性化的度。避免偏激的理解、過度的張揚(yáng)所謂個(gè)性,嚴(yán)重歪曲文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)方法:導(dǎo)讀、計(jì)論、合作探究。教學(xué)時(shí)間:一課時(shí)教學(xué)過程:一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、揭題導(dǎo)入:記得有這樣一個(gè)故事:一個(gè)小孩在四歲就能背《登鸛雀樓》,可平時(shí)只有在大人的要求下,他才背出來。直到六歲的某一天,他父母帶他去旅游,在他登陸上山頂時(shí),竟然隨口背出:“欲窮千里目,更上一層樓”來。這說明了什么?……(討論)文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化。二、探討個(gè)性化解讀的原因1、讀者的差異導(dǎo)致解讀的個(gè)性化A、同一作品,閱讀的時(shí)間不同,解讀不同。如上面的例子。如《從百草園到三味書屋》和《風(fēng)箏》主題的多元化理解?!皽毓手隆?,名作重讀,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同讀者,解讀不同。
當(dāng)你看到他們獲得冠軍登上金牌領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)時(shí),見到中華人民共和國國旗冉冉時(shí)升起時(shí),聽到中華人民共和國國歌奏響時(shí),作為一名中國人,即使你對(duì)這兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)都不感興趣,你有什么樣的感受?感覺到作為中國人的無比光榮與自豪 你呢 ? 你呢 ?你們都是一樣,我和絕大多數(shù)中國人都有這種共同的感受。這是在和平年代,而在民族危亡時(shí)期,人們也有共同的行動(dòng) 例如1900年八國聯(lián)軍進(jìn)攻北京的途中遇到了民間組織的頑強(qiáng)抵抗,中國人民手持刀槍棍棒,同槍炮武裝的侵略軍展開斗爭(zhēng),血肉橫飛,依然面無懼色,戰(zhàn)到最后一人,也要奮勇拼殺。由以上兩種情況,我們大家思考是什么使得他們有著共同的感受,有著共同的行動(dòng)?提示:(若換作是大和民族的人他在剛才的情境中則不會(huì)有呢?)顯而易見,我們是中華民族,有著共同的東西,共同的思想情感,共同的行為準(zhǔn)則,而這些共同的東西就是我們所說的中華民族精神。
【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】怎樣弘揚(yáng)和培育中華民族精神。【教學(xué)策略】(1)通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和探討,使學(xué)生在解決實(shí)際問題的過程中了解弘揚(yáng)和培育民族精神,最重要的是發(fā)揮“主心骨”的作用;必須繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)中華民族的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng);必須正確對(duì)待外來思想文化的影響;必須與弘揚(yáng)時(shí)代精神相結(jié)合。以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創(chuàng)新為核心的時(shí)代精神,相輔相成,相互支撐,統(tǒng)一于建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義的偉大實(shí)踐。(2)通過踐行體驗(yàn),結(jié)合美國傳媒對(duì)世界的巨大影響以及不同國家強(qiáng)化民族精神教育的事例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體會(huì)和感悟民族精神對(duì)于一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族的生存和發(fā)展的重要性,理解我國當(dāng)前弘揚(yáng)和培育民族精神的重要意義;回顧歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),體會(huì)和思考我們應(yīng)該弘揚(yáng)和培育什么樣的民族精神;面對(duì)世界范圍各種思想文化相互激蕩,體會(huì)和思考我們應(yīng)如何弘揚(yáng)和培育民族精神?!咎骄恐笇?dǎo)】可分三個(gè)步驟進(jìn)行。
思考:洗衣機(jī)脫水時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速高時(shí)容易甩干衣物,還是轉(zhuǎn)速低時(shí)容易甩干衣物?(2) 制作棉花糖的原理內(nèi)筒與洗衣機(jī)的脫水筒相似,里面加入白砂糖,加熱使糖熔化成糖汁。內(nèi)筒高速旋轉(zhuǎn),黏稠的糖汁就做離心運(yùn)動(dòng),從內(nèi)筒壁的小孔飛散出去,成為絲狀到達(dá)溫度較低的外筒,并迅速冷卻凝固,變得纖細(xì)雪白,像一團(tuán)團(tuán)棉花。5.離心現(xiàn)象的防止在水平公路上行駛的汽車,轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)所需的向心力是由車輪與路面的靜摩擦力提供的。如果轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)速度過大,所需向心力F大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,汽車將做離心運(yùn)動(dòng)而造成交通事故。因此,在公路彎道處,車輛行駛不允許超過規(guī)定的速度。當(dāng)高速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的砂輪或者飛輪內(nèi)部分子間相互作用力不足以提供所需向心力時(shí),離心運(yùn)動(dòng)就會(huì)使他們破裂,甚至釀成事故。
對(duì)公民的要求:一方面,樹立權(quán)利意識(shí),珍惜公民權(quán)利。既要行使自己的權(quán)利,又要尊重他人的權(quán)利。另一方面,自覺履行公民義務(wù)。只有履行義務(wù),才能獲得相應(yīng)權(quán)利。(3)堅(jiān)持個(gè)人利益與集體利益、國家利益相結(jié)合原則三者利益關(guān)系:在我國,公民的個(gè)人利益與集體利益、國家利益在根本上是一致的,國家利益、集體利益是個(gè)人利益的基礎(chǔ)和保障,公民正確行使權(quán)利和履行義務(wù),必須把三種利益結(jié)合起來。如何結(jié)合:積極履行公民義務(wù),維護(hù)國家利益。當(dāng)個(gè)人利益與國家利益產(chǎn)生矛盾時(shí),個(gè)人利益服從國家利益,這是公民愛國的表現(xiàn)。三、生活中的政治權(quán)利和義務(wù)教師活動(dòng):請(qǐng)同學(xué)們看教材第8頁,思考圖中反映了我國公民行使了哪些政治權(quán)利,履行了哪些政治性義務(wù)?學(xué)生活動(dòng):閱讀課本,找出問題。
【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容分析】在行星運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律與萬有引力定律兩節(jié)內(nèi)容之間安排本節(jié)內(nèi)容,是為了更突出發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律的這個(gè)科學(xué)過程。如果說上一節(jié)內(nèi)容是從運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)角度描述行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的話,那么,本節(jié)內(nèi)容是從動(dòng)力學(xué)角度來研究行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的,研究過程是依據(jù)已有規(guī)律進(jìn)行的演繹推理過程。教科書在尊重歷史事實(shí)的前提下,通過一些邏輯思維的鋪墊,讓學(xué)生以自己現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)身于歷史的背景下,經(jīng)歷一次“發(fā)現(xiàn)”萬有引力的過程,因此體驗(yàn)物理學(xué)研究問題的方法就成為主要的教學(xué)目標(biāo)?!緦W(xué)情分析】在學(xué)太陽對(duì)行星的引力之前,學(xué)生已經(jīng)對(duì)力、重力、向心力、加速度、重力加速度、向心加速度等概念有了較好的理解,并且掌握自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)和圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)等運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,能熟練運(yùn)用牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律解決動(dòng)力學(xué)問題。已經(jīng)完全具備深入探究和學(xué)習(xí)萬有引力定律的起點(diǎn)能力。所以在推導(dǎo)太陽與行星運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律時(shí),教師可以要求學(xué)生自主地運(yùn)用原有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推導(dǎo),并要求說明每一步推理的理論依據(jù)是什么,教師僅在難點(diǎn)問題上做適當(dāng)?shù)狞c(diǎn)撥。
知識(shí)與技能1.知道地心說和日心說的基本內(nèi)容.2.知道所有行星繞太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌道都是橢圓,太陽處在橢圓的一個(gè)焦點(diǎn)上.3.知道所有行星的軌道的半長軸的三次方跟它的公轉(zhuǎn)周期的二次方的比值都相等,且這個(gè)比值與行星的質(zhì)量無關(guān),但與太陽的質(zhì)量有關(guān).4.理解人們對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的認(rèn)識(shí)過程是漫長復(fù)雜的,真理是來之不易的.過程與方法通過托勒密、哥白尼、第谷·布拉赫、開普勒等幾位科學(xué)家對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同認(rèn)識(shí),了解人類認(rèn)識(shí)事物本質(zhì)的曲折性并加深對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的理解.情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.澄清對(duì)天體運(yùn)動(dòng)裨秘、模糊的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握人類認(rèn)識(shí)自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)方法.2.感悟科學(xué)是人類進(jìn)步不竭的動(dòng)力.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)理解和掌握開普勒行星運(yùn)動(dòng)定律,認(rèn)識(shí)行星的運(yùn)動(dòng).學(xué)好本節(jié)有利于對(duì)宇宙中行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握人類認(rèn)識(shí)自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)方法,并有利于對(duì)人造衛(wèi)星的學(xué)習(xí).
【探究學(xué)習(xí)】引入新課教師活動(dòng):自從17世紀(jì)以來,以牛頓定律為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)典力學(xué)不斷發(fā)展,取得了巨大的成就,經(jīng)典力學(xué)在科學(xué)研究和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)中有了廣泛的應(yīng)用,從而證明了牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律的正確性。但是,經(jīng)典力學(xué)也不是萬能的,向其它科學(xué)一樣,它也有一定的適用范圍,有自己的局限性。那么經(jīng)典力學(xué)在什么范圍內(nèi)適用呢?有怎樣的局限性呢?這節(jié)課我們就來了解這方面的知識(shí)。進(jìn)行新課教師活動(dòng):請(qǐng)同學(xué)們閱讀課文,閱讀時(shí)考慮下列問題[用投影片出示]:1、經(jīng)典力學(xué)取得了哪些輝煌的成就?舉例說明。2、經(jīng)典力學(xué)在哪些領(lǐng)域不能適用?能說出為什么嗎?舉例說明。3、經(jīng)典力學(xué)的適用范圍是什么?自己概括一下。4、相對(duì)論和量子力學(xué)的出現(xiàn)是否否定了牛頓的經(jīng)典力學(xué)?應(yīng)該怎樣認(rèn)識(shí)?5、怎樣理解英國劇作家蕭伯納的話“科學(xué)總是從正確走向錯(cuò)誤”?學(xué)生活動(dòng):閱讀教材,并思考上面的問題。分組討論,代表發(fā)言。點(diǎn)評(píng):讓學(xué)生通過自主閱讀獲取信息,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀理解能力,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的自學(xué)習(xí)慣。
教師活動(dòng):那種“選舉與我無關(guān)”,“選誰都可以”的想法,是公民意識(shí)不強(qiáng)、主人翁意識(shí)不強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)。那么,怎樣才能行使好自己的選舉權(quán)呢?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們根據(jù)上面的學(xué)習(xí),談?wù)勛约旱南敕?。學(xué)生活動(dòng):思考討論教師點(diǎn)評(píng):2、 如何行使好自己的選舉權(quán)(1)要不斷提高自己參與民主選舉的素養(yǎng),端正參加選舉的態(tài)度,提高選舉能力,選出切實(shí)能代表人民利益的人。(2)要增強(qiáng)主人翁責(zé)任感和公民參與意識(shí),積極參加選舉,認(rèn)真行使自己的選舉權(quán)。(3)要不斷提高政治參與能力,在理性判斷基礎(chǔ)上,鄭重投出自己的一票。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點(diǎn)評(píng)本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了我國的選舉方式以及如何珍惜自己的選舉權(quán)利的有關(guān)知識(shí),懂得我國是人民民主專政的社會(huì)主義國家,人民當(dāng)家作主,應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)主人翁責(zé)任感,自覺珍惜并運(yùn)用好選舉權(quán),以促進(jìn)我國的民主政治建設(shè),維護(hù)人民的根本利益。
四、速度和速率學(xué)生閱讀教材第18頁相應(yīng)部分的知識(shí)點(diǎn),讓學(xué)生總結(jié).生:速度既有大小,又有方向,是矢量,速度的大小叫速率,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生看教材第18頁圖1.3—2.觀察汽車的速度計(jì),討論后說出你從表盤上獲取的有用信息。生:汽車的速率.指針指在相應(yīng)數(shù)字的瞬間,就表示汽車在那一瞬時(shí)的速率是那個(gè)值.生:還可以從表盤上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時(shí)指速度,也有時(shí)指速率,要看實(shí)際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時(shí)間圍繞操場(chǎng)跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點(diǎn),他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗(yàn)平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時(shí)間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?