貸款消費不僅滿足了消費者的生活需要,提高了消費者的生活質(zhì)量,而且促進了經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,特別是我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進入買方市場后,貸款消費對擴大內(nèi)需,拉動經(jīng)濟的增長起來重要的作用。所以,我們要轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的消費觀念,以積極的態(tài)度來對待貸款消費,通過貸款消費滿足來滿足當(dāng)前的需要,通過生活質(zhì)量。當(dāng)然,在貸款消費是也要考慮自己的償還能力,還要講究信用,按時還貸。(3)按消費的目的不同,可分為生存資料消費、發(fā)展資料消費和享受資料消費。其中生存資料消費是最基本的消費。隨著經(jīng)濟水平的提高,發(fā)展資料和享受資料消費將逐漸增加。3、消費結(jié)構(gòu) 教師活動:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生看書,指出(1)消費結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:就是指人們各類消費支出在消費總支出中所占的比重。教師活動:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析個人及家庭消費狀況的變化,說明對消費結(jié)構(gòu)的理解,并總結(jié)消費結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特點。學(xué)生活動:積極討論,踴躍發(fā)言
教師點撥:這則材料說明,市場調(diào)節(jié)有其局限性,單純的市場調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性等缺點。市場調(diào)節(jié)不是萬能的。社會生活中有很多領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)品不能用市場來調(diào)節(jié),如國防、治安、消防等產(chǎn)品的供給問題,槍支彈藥、麻醉品等都不能讓市場來調(diào)節(jié)。市場調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性。自發(fā)性:由于市場調(diào)節(jié)是在價值規(guī)律自發(fā)作用下進行的,在利益驅(qū)動下會產(chǎn)生一些違反市場原則的行為,如制造、銷售假冒偽劣商品,大量排放廢水、廢氣破壞環(huán)境,竊取他人智力成果等等。盲目性:由于人們不可能完全掌握生產(chǎn)各方面信息及其變化趨勢,致使決策帶有一定的盲目性。如某種商品有利可圖則一哄而上,反之則一哄而退,從而造成資源浪費和消費得不到充分滿足。滯后性:由于市場價格的形成和傳遞有一個過程,一旦傳遞到生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者手中進行生產(chǎn)調(diào)整,就有一個時間差,致使市場調(diào)節(jié)帶有滯后性,成為一種事后調(diào)節(jié)。
教師總結(jié):近二十多年來,我國個人所得稅的征收發(fā)展迅速,這也反映了我國經(jīng)濟水平、人民生活收入有了較大提高。與增值稅的計稅方法不同,個人所得稅采用累進稅率的計稅辦法,就是個人所得越高,稅率越高,納稅人個人收入越多,繳納個人所得稅越多。這一特點從教材83頁個人所得稅稅率表上可以看出。教師點撥:個人所得稅的計算辦法是分段計算的,個人收入800元以內(nèi)不計稅,多余800元以上部分,按不同稅率分段計稅。請同學(xué)們計算教材所列題目。學(xué)生活動:計算。應(yīng)稅所得額:4000元;不超過500元部分:25元;500――2000元部分:150元;2000――4000元部分:300元;累計所得稅:475元教師活動:同學(xué)們想一想,這樣計算個人所得稅有什么意義呢?學(xué)生活動:認(rèn)真思考,回答問題教師點撥:有利于增加財政收入,有利于調(diào)節(jié)個人收入分配,實現(xiàn)社會公平。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評
(3)人民幣外匯牌價:我國通常采用100單位外幣作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),折算為一定數(shù)量的人民幣。如果用100單位外幣可以兌換更多的人民幣,說明外匯匯率升高;反之,則說明外匯匯率跌落。教師活動:大家知道匯率是經(jīng)常變動的,為什么匯率經(jīng)常變動?我國在美國、日本等國再三施加壓力的情況下,為什么保持匯率穩(wěn)定,人民幣不升值?學(xué)生活動:學(xué)生就老師提出的問題去閱讀教材;然后展開討論,并回答(4)保持人民幣幣值穩(wěn)定的意義教師點評:影響匯率變動的因素主要有:外匯的供求關(guān)系、通貨膨脹(或緊縮)率的差異、經(jīng)濟增長率、利率水平、國家貨幣當(dāng)局的干預(yù)與管制、市場預(yù)期、外匯投機活動等。外匯在國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和國際貿(mào)易中具有重要的作用:通過匯率的升降調(diào)節(jié)進出口貿(mào)易;可以影響國際資本的流動方向和數(shù)量;可以影響國內(nèi)物價水平;影響外匯儲備的實際價值等。
(3)騙稅 騙稅是指納稅人用欺騙手段獲得國家稅收優(yōu)惠的行為。教師活動:請同學(xué)們看教材87頁“相關(guān)鏈接”,了解騙稅行為的特點和法律處罰規(guī)定。學(xué)生活動:認(rèn)真閱讀,積極思考。(4)抗稅 抗稅是指納稅人以暴力、威脅等手段,拒不繳納稅款的行為。教師活動:請同學(xué)們看教材87頁“相關(guān)鏈接”,了解騙稅行為的特點和法律處罰規(guī)定。學(xué)生活動:認(rèn)真閱讀,積極思考。3、公民要增強稅收監(jiān)督意識教師活動:請同學(xué)們看教材88頁“相關(guān)鏈接”,思考公民如何維護國家稅收工作?學(xué)生活動:認(rèn)真閱讀,積極思考。教師總結(jié):公民是國家稅收的最終負(fù)稅人,應(yīng)自覺增強稅收監(jiān)督意識,以主人翁的態(tài)度積極監(jiān)督國家公職人員及公共權(quán)力的行為,關(guān)注稅收的征收和使用情況,對他們的違法行為進行批評、檢舉,維護國家利益和自身利益。
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下,深入雨林進行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設(shè)計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
Then have them write a short paragraph to describe and explain their changes. After that, get the Ss to exchange their drafts with their partners and use the checklist to give feedback on their drafts, and finally revise it.Step 5 Summary of how to write a wellness book1.健康書的審題步驟:第一步:明確要求該寫作屬于經(jīng)驗分享,故要用第一人稱來寫;時態(tài)以一股現(xiàn)在時為主。第二步:確定段落該類文章可以從以下三個方面人手:Para.1首先表明寫作的目的Para.2自己的做法及心得體會Para.3表示期望及感謝第三步:提煉要點2.健康書常見句式:1) It is an honor for me to share my favorite sport with you,2) It makes me feel relaxed playing with my friends.3) It makes me rid myself of stress while playing with my friends.4) Moreover, it provides me a valuable chance to communicate with others.5) I we eat too little or too much, or if we choose the wrong food, we may become sick.6) We can do something to change the poor situation.Step 6Homework假如你的老師讓你在班級Wellness Bok上分享自己的親身經(jīng)歷及心得,請根據(jù)以下要點寫一篇80字左右的文章1. 你喜歡的運動是什么?2. 你最喜歡的原因是什么?3. 你參加鍛煉的體會。
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學(xué)重難點】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教學(xué)過程】Step1: 語法知識呈現(xiàn)定語從句(一)—關(guān)系代詞的用法在復(fù)合句中, 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),說明事物的具體信息,從句位于被修飾詞之后。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞指代先行詞,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分。關(guān)系詞有兩種:關(guān)系代詞who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。
【教材分析】高考聽力材料的選用非常重視語言真實性和交際性的原則,語言材料一般來源于實際生活,對話的內(nèi)容大都取材于日常生活,即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)、天氣、生活環(huán)境等話題,可分為校園、公共場所、家庭等方面,如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特點就是利用生活中真實文本,只是降低難度,讓學(xué)生注重語言的應(yīng)用,將是我們高考把握方向的重要因素?!窘虒W(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】學(xué)習(xí)能力目標(biāo):在聽力當(dāng)中,學(xué)生應(yīng)該有效規(guī)劃學(xué)習(xí)方法,選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟呗耘c方法。這節(jié)課的訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生有正確的預(yù)測和抓住問題的關(guān)鍵信息,從而用心去聽來找尋關(guān)鍵信息。根據(jù)生活中實際情況和高考常見語境,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)提前預(yù)測和抓住題干中的w很重要,即what, where, when, why等等。
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
【教材分析】本節(jié)課是高中英語第一冊的最后一個單元的閱讀和思考部分,文章難度明顯增加,體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:文章題材是說明文,比較難理解;話題生疏,涉及到歷史等知識;生詞量增大,而且在語境中理解詞匯的要求提高。面對這些,教師的難度和高度也要有所提升,通過探討說明順序,了解背景知識等幫助他們找到說明文閱讀的方法?!窘虒W(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. 文化意識目標(biāo)新課程中指出,文化意識是對中外文化的理解和對優(yōu)秀文化的認(rèn)同。文化意識的的培養(yǎng)有助于學(xué)生增加國家認(rèn)同和家國情懷,成為有文明素養(yǎng)和社會責(zé)任感的人。我們這個單元很好體現(xiàn)了這一點,通過了解漢字書寫的體系和發(fā)展,學(xué)生可以有一種文化自豪感,同時也能夠幫助學(xué)生深入挖掘這篇文章,從而想到更多和中國文化相關(guān)的方面。2. 學(xué)習(xí)能力目標(biāo)
Step 2 New WordsUse ppt to show some words from the passage.Tell the students to remember the meanings.Step3 Skimming and Thinking1. Skim the text and decide which order Han Jing follows to talk about her first day. Time order or place order?Time order2. What is Han Jing worried about before she goes to senior high school?She is worried about whether she will make new friends and if no one talks to her, what she should do.Step 4 Fast Reading1. Match the main ideas with each paragraphParagraph 1:The worries about the new school day Paragraph 2Han Jing’s first maths classParagraph 3Han Jing’s first chemistry classParagraph 4Han Jing’s feelings about her first senior school dayStep 5 Careful Reading1. Fill in the chart with the words and phrases about Han Jing’s day. Answers: Senior high school, a little nervous; Her first maths class, classmates and teachers, friendly and helpful; Chemistry lab; new; great; annoying guy; Confident; a lot to explore2. Read the text again and discuss the questions.1) Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?Because she was a new senior high student and she was not outgoing. What was more, she was worried about whether she can make friends.2) How was her first maths class?It was difficult but the teacher was kind and friendly. 3) What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you? A guy next to Han Jing tried to talk with her and she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.
教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生更好理解如何恰當(dāng)?shù)貙懸粋€人的信息介紹,并能讓學(xué)生熟練地使用一些寫作技能。能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力和團隊協(xié)作能力。情感目標(biāo):提升學(xué)生對寫作的興趣。教學(xué)重難點 教學(xué)重點:如何能讓學(xué)生更好地理解個人信息介紹。教學(xué)難點:如何能讓學(xué)生通過適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍懽骷寄軄韺懸黄^好的個人信息介紹。教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 多媒體、黑板、粉筆一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
劉邦:先看劉邦對項伯的表白(此話也是有意讓項伯轉(zhuǎn)述給項羽聽的):“秋毫不敢有所近”——說“不敢”而不說“不曾”,多么恭順!“籍吏民,封府庫,而待將軍”——“待”,多么虔誠!“日夜望將軍至”——說“望”而不說“等”,多么迫切!再看劉邦的卑詞“謝罪”:他言必稱“將軍”,說自己與項羽“戮力而攻秦”,是戰(zhàn)友而非敵人;將“先入關(guān)破秦”說成是不自意,以表自己的力量不如項羽;把“得復(fù)見將軍于此”當(dāng)作是自己莫大的榮幸以滿足項羽的虛榮心;最后,他還把項羽的憤怒歸咎于“小人”的挑撥,為項羽推卸責(zé)任,及時給項羽一個臺階下。小結(jié):項羽:沽名釣譽、輕敵自大、寡謀輕信、不善用人、剛愎自用、優(yōu)柔寡斷的一介武夫。劉邦:狡詐多謀、遇事果斷、臨危不懼、能屈能伸、善于用人。
教師總結(jié):社會主義市場經(jīng)濟是使市場在國家宏觀調(diào)控下起基礎(chǔ)性配置作用的經(jīng)濟,充分發(fā)揮市場基礎(chǔ)性調(diào)節(jié)作用,就必須主要靠經(jīng)濟手段、法律手段,而不是行政手段。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評這節(jié)課我們重點學(xué)習(xí)了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的有關(guān)知識,知道了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的基本特征,以及國家宏觀調(diào)控的含義、目標(biāo)和主要手段。這對于我們在經(jīng)濟生活中正確地認(rèn)識我國市場經(jīng)濟的性質(zhì)和作用,理解國家宏觀調(diào)控的措施及意義,增強社會主義優(yōu)越感和民族自強意識,自覺投身現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)等將有重大指導(dǎo)作用?!镎n余作業(yè) 討論:聯(lián)系經(jīng)濟生活中國家宏觀調(diào)控的實例,討論應(yīng)如何認(rèn)識和理解國家各種宏觀調(diào)控手段的綜合運用,對國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的意義?!锝虒W(xué)體會 本節(jié)內(nèi)容與學(xué)生生活實際聯(lián)系密切,在學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)該多引入日常生產(chǎn)、生活中常見的一些宏觀調(diào)控實例,讓學(xué)生去深刻理解、把握宏觀調(diào)控手段及其作用。
無論她說什么都不會對我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車廂,結(jié)果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫作:1. _______________ (你要說些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準(zhǔn)備), we have nothing to worry about.
①標(biāo)題——標(biāo)題應(yīng)當(dāng)簡潔明了。②導(dǎo)語——導(dǎo)語是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話,簡明扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。③主體——主體是消息的主要部分,要用充足的事實表現(xiàn)主題,對導(dǎo)語的內(nèi)容作進一步的展開和闡述。④結(jié)束語——通常是對全文內(nèi)容進行概括性的總結(jié)。3. 新聞報道增分句子(1)陳述事實常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震發(fā)生在一個涼爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌,道路被毀,許多人無家可歸。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援隊的幫助下,困在洪水中的人們得救了。(2)陳述觀點常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.顯然/在我看來/似乎人們震驚了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整個城市成了一片廢墟。(3)揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
Step 3: Read to sum upRead it again and sum up the problems of the three students, and then write down the advice that was given from others.Step 4: Work in pairs. List your learning problems in English and brainstorm some useful advice.Useful expressions ? I don't know how to…... Is a big difficulty for me. I cannot ...? You might try …. It's very important to…? I have no idea how/what .My biggest problem is .... ? I (also) have trouble with. My advice is …. This worked for me.? l cannot understand the teachers’ English in class.Step 5 Homework:為提高我校學(xué)生的英語口語水平,我們將舉辦英語演講比賽(English- speaking contest),請你根據(jù)下面的信息,以學(xué)生會(the Students‘ Union)的名義寫一份海報,歡迎全校同學(xué)參加,屆時特邀本校美籍教師史密斯先生頒獎。? 報名時間 9月30日以前(報名:signup)? 報名地點 學(xué)生會辦公室? 比賽時間 10月9日晚7:00~9:00? 比賽地點 學(xué)校大會議室? 獎勵 前8名