1. 表示時間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動詞作狀語時, 如所提供的動詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任, 這就是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
1. 這個寓言是一個關(guān)于一位國王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用這個故事讓讀者對于社區(qū)的問題負有個人責(zé)任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 這個故事十分成功的實現(xiàn)了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
一、語文學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)生自我評價能力的培養(yǎng)1.營造氛圍,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我評價的意識。學(xué)生自我評價能力是教師長期培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果,而保護學(xué)生自我評價的熱情,更是持續(xù)自我評價的保證。在我們的實際教育教學(xué)中,教師一直處于評價的絕對主體,很少去關(guān)注學(xué)生自我評價意識和能力的培養(yǎng),學(xué)生常常不理解:為什么要認真聽講?為什么書寫要工整、為什么發(fā)言要積極?為什么老師、父母對考試分數(shù)會有那么高的要求?當前出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生許多諸如“離家出走”、“毒殺親人”等教育、行為、品德方面的問題,我想其中除了家長、教師的評價意識和評價藝術(shù)等原因之外,學(xué)生的自我評價意識的缺乏是根本的原因。所以我認為,學(xué)生自我評價意識的培養(yǎng)刻不容緩。(1)熱情鼓勵,提供成功的心理體驗。在教學(xué)過程中,教師要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)、肯定學(xué)生自我評價的點滴進步,對于他們每一點進步都要真誠熱情地鼓勵。讓學(xué)生覺得我這么做,這么想是對的。讓學(xué)生在教師的鼓勵中體會到強烈的愛,感受到自己的進步,增強自己的信心?!靶娜粼?,夢就在!”教師的熱情鼓勵是一種強大的催化劑,促使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中樂于自我評價。
三、宗教改革:1、背景:(1)文藝復(fù)興的影響。文藝復(fù)興中,人文主義學(xué)者盡管對宗教保持較為溫和的態(tài)度,但其以人為中心的思想極大地沖擊了天主教的精神獨裁,天主教的權(quán)威日益受到人們的懷疑。(2)天主教會對歐洲尤其是德意志的壓榨。中世紀的天主教會對人民進行嚴密的精神統(tǒng)治,基督教信仰的核心是“原罪”和“靈魂救贖”,即人生下來就有罪,只有信仰上帝,跟隨耶穌才能得救。就“靈魂救贖”而言,最初強調(diào)的是個人信仰的作用,后來,神學(xué)家們又加上了種種繁雜的宗教禮儀,而且必須得到神職人員的幫助,靈魂才能得救。在經(jīng)濟上,天主教會還是最大的封建主,占有大量的土地,并征收什一稅,對各國人民大肆搜刮。羅馬教廷每年從德意志搜刮的財富達30萬古爾登(貨幣單位),相當于“神圣羅馬帝國”皇帝每年稅收額的20倍。德意志也成了被教會榨取最嚴重的地區(qū),素有“教皇的乳牛”之稱。
①闡發(fā)話題式:就是用簡練的語言對所給話題材料加以概括和濃縮,并找到一個最佳切入點加以深層次闡述。吉林一考生的滿分作文《漫談“感情”“認知”》的題記是:“同是對‘修墻’‘防盜’的預(yù)見,卻產(chǎn)生‘聰明’或‘被懷疑’的結(jié)果?!星椤鼓苋绱说刈笥抑J知’,心的小舟啊,在文化的河流中求索?!边@個題記通過對材料的簡單解釋,將“感情”與“認知”二者的關(guān)系詮釋得非常明白,也點明了作者的態(tài)度和議論的中心。②詮釋題目式:所擬題目一般都具有深刻性特點,運用題記形式對題目進行巧妙而又全面的詮釋。云南一考生的滿分作文《與你同行》的題記是:“他們一路同行,一個汲著水,一個負著火,形影相隨。在他們攜手共進時,就產(chǎn)生了智慧?!边@個題記形象而深刻地對“與你同行”這個題目進行了解釋,言簡意賅,表明了考生對感情和理智關(guān)系的認識。
“千載琵琶作胡語,分明怨恨曲中論?!薄霸购蕖眱勺贮c明全篇主旨。千百年來,琵琶所演奏的總是從匈奴傳來的撩人愁思的胡樂,正是昭君在訴說著她的怨恨!這兩句從側(cè)面烘托昭君的形象,既有對她的贊揚,又有對她的同情。讀到這里,我們的耳邊好像又響起了那深沉、幽怨的琵琶聲!5、這首詩寫的是昭君的怨恨,但首聯(lián)一開始并沒有寫她的怨恨,寫的是什么?這樣寫的目的又是什么?明確:群山萬壑赴荊門山是群山起伏,連綿不絕;水是萬壑爭流,奔騰不息,直赴荊門山。其中的“赴”字用了擬人的手法,把迤邐不絕的千山萬壑陡然間寫活了,既有飛動之勢,又有變幻之姿。從側(cè)面烘托昭君的形象。兩千多年前,一個青年女子遠離父母之邦,嫁到異域,并在那里度過一生,確實需要巨大的勇氣和毅力,而這雄偉的山川簡直就是她那堅強的性格的象征。6、佳句鑒賞(這首詩歌當中,我認為有兩句詩寫得非常美,我自己很喜歡,不知道有沒有同道中人?)
這三大措施是美國在冷戰(zhàn)初期的核心內(nèi)容,是為了實現(xiàn)美國的霸權(quán)政策而提出。它們體現(xiàn)了美國充分利用了意識形態(tài)差異的來其實現(xiàn)其全球霸權(quán)的意圖。把握住這些核心內(nèi)容將有助于掌握二戰(zhàn)后的國際形勢的發(fā)展。教學(xué)難點:兩極格局對二戰(zhàn)后國際關(guān)系發(fā)展的影響二戰(zhàn)改變國際的主要政治力量,隨著國家利益和意識形態(tài)沖突,美蘇兩大國由合作走向分裂,逐步形成了戰(zhàn)后的兩極格局。在此政治格局之下,避免了新的世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),世界相對穩(wěn)定,但兩強相爭,又使得世界長期不得安寧。美蘇之間的關(guān)系影響到了其他各種關(guān)系的發(fā)展,認清此格局的影響對于認識當時和今天的國際關(guān)系具有重大的意義。三、教學(xué)內(nèi)容安排(1學(xué)時)第一目“從盟友到對手”教學(xué)要點:雅爾塔體系的確立;戰(zhàn)后初期的形勢;杜魯門主義的提出。第二目“美蘇‘冷戰(zhàn)’”教學(xué)要點:馬歇爾計劃與經(jīng)濟互助委員會;北約與華約兩大軍事政治集團的對峙。第三目“‘冷戰(zhàn)’陰影下的國際關(guān)系”
生:環(huán)境承載力是指環(huán)境能持續(xù)供養(yǎng)的人口數(shù)量。師:對了。但是有同學(xué)仍然會感到這是一個很抽象的概念。下面我們具體來了解什么是環(huán)境承載力。我們可以從兩個部分去理解:一、環(huán)境,它主要是指環(huán)境的單個要素(如:土地、水、氣候、植被等。)及其組合方式。二、是承載力,它指在特定的條件下,具體某事物能承受的某種活動的最大值。那環(huán)境承載力的科學(xué)定義是怎樣表達的呢?生:環(huán)境承載力是指某一時期,某種狀態(tài)條件下,某地區(qū)環(huán)境所能承受的人類活動作用的閾值。師:很對。 我們可以用一個生動的例子來說明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面積固定不變的情況下是由哪塊木板來決定?生:最短的那塊。師:確實如此。這就是我們平常所講的 “木桶效應(yīng)”。那影響環(huán)境承載力的大小也是由環(huán)境個要素里面最緊缺的那個要素來決定的。下面我們用一個例子來印證一下。
在經(jīng)濟水平較高、工業(yè)地域規(guī)模較大的地區(qū),其發(fā)展?jié)摿瓦h不一樣,如鋼鐵工業(yè)。鋼鐵工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)過程比較復(fù)雜(如課本圖5.31),需要有相互接近的工廠,不僅包括從事鋼鐵生產(chǎn)各道工序的工廠,如燒結(jié)廠、焦化廠、煉鐵廠、煉鋼廠、軋鋼廠,還包括與鋼鐵生產(chǎn)有聯(lián)系的工廠,如氧氣廠、機修廠、發(fā)電廠、水泥廠等,總共可達20~30個工廠。這些工廠集 聚,設(shè)備大,管線長,占地多。因此,這樣形成的工業(yè)地域(鋼鐵工業(yè)區(qū))面積廣,發(fā)育程度高,發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?。這類工業(yè)地域 再加上為方便眾多工人生活所配置的服務(wù)業(yè)和其他工業(yè),在發(fā)展過程中,往往由于工業(yè)地域的擴展而形成工業(yè)城市。例如,我國的鞍山(“鋼都”)、攀枝花、馬鞍山、包頭(“草原鋼城”)等鋼鐵工業(yè)城市的形成。除此之外,石油化工區(qū)、機械制造工業(yè)區(qū)等屬于發(fā)育程度高的工業(yè)地域,也往往擴展而形成工業(yè)城市。例如,我國的石油城大慶、克拉瑪依,汽車城十堰等。
1.澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地域在生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)營方式、科技應(yīng)用、農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化和地域化等方面有哪些特點?2.在澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地 域形成的過程中,有哪些區(qū)位因素在起作用?學(xué)生發(fā)言,教師適當引導(dǎo)、評點并作講解。[教師提問]:那么,澳大利亞的墨累—達令盆地的區(qū)位因素有什么不足之處?知識拓展:課件展示澳大利亞大分水嶺的雨影效應(yīng)的形成原理及東水西調(diào)示意圖。[教師講解]:澳大利亞東南部受大分水嶺的影響,降水集中于大分水嶺的東側(cè),在其西側(cè)形成山地的雨影效應(yīng),降水豐富地區(qū)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地區(qū)分布不一致,灌溉成為澳大利亞農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展的限制性條件。因此,澳大利亞對水利工程建設(shè)很 重視,東水西調(diào)促進了墨累—達令盆地農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展。[課堂小結(jié)]:這節(jié)課我們學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位選擇的基本原理。 通過學(xué)習(xí)我們了解到,農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇實質(zhì)上就是對農(nóng)業(yè)土地的合理利用。
【教學(xué)目標】知識目標:理解直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程、橫截距、縱截距的概念;掌握直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.能力目標:通過求解直線的點斜式方程和斜截式方程,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)思維能力與數(shù)形結(jié)合的數(shù)學(xué)思想.情感目標:通過學(xué)習(xí)直線的點斜式方程和斜截式方程,體會數(shù)形結(jié)合的直觀感受.【教學(xué)重點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學(xué)難點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.
【教學(xué)重點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學(xué)難點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學(xué)過程】1、對特殊三角函數(shù)進行鞏固復(fù)習(xí);表1 內(nèi)特殊三角函數(shù)值 不存在圖1 特殊三角形2、鞏固復(fù)習(xí)直線的傾斜角和斜率相關(guān)內(nèi)容;直線的傾斜角:,;直線的斜率: , ;設(shè)點為直線l上的任意兩點,當時,
知識和技能 1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生繪制氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶分布示意圖,從中分析大氣運動的規(guī)律性,并培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生繪制原理形成示意圖的地理技能。2、運用海陸熱力差異原理進行解釋,加強學(xué) 生對半球冬夏季氣壓中心的形成和分布的理解解。3、使學(xué)生理解氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對氣候的影響。過程與方法 1、通過三圈環(huán)流模擬演示,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的空間思維能力。2、通過對海陸分布對大氣環(huán)流影響的兩圖示的對比分析,讓學(xué)生讀圖思考氣壓帶、風(fēng)帶的分布規(guī)律和原因。3、利用成因分析法引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對氣候的影響機制。情感、態(tài)度與價值觀1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生辯證唯物主義觀。2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實際的能力。教學(xué)重點1、氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶的分布。2、北半球氣壓中心冬夏分布及對氣候的影響。3、氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對氣候的影響。
知識和技能 1、了解水資源的概念和衡量水資源的具體指標。2、運用圖表說明全球和我國水資源的時空分布不 均的特點。3、說明在不同生產(chǎn)力條件下,水資源的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對人類生存和發(fā)展的意義。4、樹立水資源可持續(xù)利用的觀念,了解解決水資源供需矛盾的策略。過程與方法 1、自組學(xué)習(xí)。2、案例分析法3、合作探究教學(xué)法。情感、態(tài)度與價值觀1、辯證的看待人類對水資源的利用情況。2、樹立資源利用的可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀點。教學(xué)重點1、水資源對人類生存和發(fā)展的意義。2、合理利用水資源。教學(xué)難點說明在不同的生產(chǎn)力條件下,自然資源的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量對人類生存與發(fā)展的意義。教具、資料多媒體課件課時安排1課時教學(xué)過程:一、水資源及其分布 1.概念:廣義——水圈內(nèi)的水量總體狹義——陸地上的淡水資源(即通常所指)
【備課資料】百團大戰(zhàn)八路軍從8月20日起,在華北敵后出動105個團,約40萬兵力,在2500公里長的戰(zhàn)線上,發(fā)動了規(guī)模最大的“以徹底破壞正太路若干要隘,消滅部分敵人截斷該線交通”為目的的舉世聞名的“百團大戰(zhàn)”。八路軍提出“不留一根鐵軌、不留一根枕木、不留一個車站、不留一個碉堡、不留一座橋梁”的口號,“讓敵人用腳同我們賽跑”,“讓敵人用牛驢搬炮彈、飛機大炮”。八路軍展開攻堅戰(zhàn),端掉敵一系列據(jù)點。據(jù)有關(guān)資料記載,從8月20日到12月5日,在歷時三個半月的“百四大戰(zhàn)”中,我軍共進行大小戰(zhàn)斗1824次,斃傷日偽軍25800余人,俘日偽軍18600余人,繳獲了大批武器、彈藥和軍用食品等;破壞鐵路470多公里,公路1500多公里,橋梁、車站、隧道等260余處,使正太鐵路停運月余;攻克日偽據(jù)點2993個,鞏固和擴大了抗日軍民占領(lǐng)區(qū)。
【合作探究】分析說明巴黎公社是無產(chǎn)階級建立政權(quán)的第一次偉大嘗試(1)從巴黎公社產(chǎn)生的情況來看,它是在巴黎無產(chǎn)階級通過暴力革命,推翻反動的資產(chǎn)階級政府的基礎(chǔ)上,通過普選建立起的新型國家。(2)從巴黎公社的政權(quán)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和階級成分來看,通過民主選舉產(chǎn)生的公社委員會的成員,大多數(shù)是工人,其中有些委員會雖然從事不同的職業(yè),有的不是馬克思主義者,但公認是公認階級的代表。(3)從巴黎公社實行的政策措施來看,這是最能說明公社性質(zhì)的一個方面。公社在建設(shè)新政權(quán)的同時,打碎資產(chǎn)階級國家機器,做出建立無產(chǎn)階級專政國家機器的偉大嘗試。公社的社會經(jīng)濟措施和其他民主措施,都在一定程度上體現(xiàn)了它的無產(chǎn)階級性質(zhì)。沒收逃亡資本家的工廠,觸及資本主義私有制,具有明顯的無產(chǎn)階級性質(zhì)。
(形容詞短語most beautiful的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作定語修飾名詞bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。(形容詞短語really happy的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作賓語補足語)[即學(xué)即練]畫出下例句中的形容詞短語并指明構(gòu)成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構(gòu)成形式: 副詞+形容詞(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語(Adverb Phrases)副詞短語:指以一個副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句中的功能相當于副詞,可以修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。常見副詞短語的構(gòu)成形式有:(副詞)+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。(副詞短語here yesterday修飾動詞did)②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語very well修飾動詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副詞短語all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語responsible for)
【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教學(xué)目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.